PubMed · 6074540
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D Hoogendoorn. 1967-07-29. [Accidents].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6074540/
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In April 1998, a holding lagoon containing pyrite ore processing waste rich in arsenic, failed and released 5-6 million m(3) of highly polluting sludge and acidic water. Over 2700 ha of the internationally important Doñana National and Natural Parks were contaminated. The area of Natural Park to sustain the greatest impact was known as the Entremuros. This paper presents 0-5 cm soil monitoring data from the Entremuros, from sampling campaigns 6 and 18 months after the disaster; as well as macrophyte root, rhizome and stem data from samples taken 18 months after the spill. Results show a clear, decreasing, north-south arsenic soil pollution trend, both 6 and 18 months after the spill, and suggest a small reduction in total soil arsenic levels occurred over time; although a significant increase in extractable arsenic is also noted. The two macrophytes (Typha dominguensis and Scirpus maritimus) studied herein are not accumulating arsenic in stem parts, however, accumulation of arsenic on iron plaque on the roots of these plants may be occurring. Further work is recommended in order to determine the ecotoxicological significance of this process in relation to the avian food-chains of Doñana, and elsewhere.
Research in the UK has suggested that people in lower social classes or from poorer neighbourhoods are less likely than their more socially advantaged counterparts to agree that health and life expectancy are worse among more deprived population groups. The small body of previous research has either used qualitative approaches or coded open-ended responses to survey questions about causes of health and illness or of inequalities between areas. We examined lay perceptions by asking a direct question and using a quantitative, multivariate approach. Residents in three age groups (25, 45 and 65 years old) living in two socially contrasting localities in Glasgow, Scotland, were asked who were more likely to have accidents, cancer, heart disease, mental illness, to be fitter, and to live longer: rich people, poor people, or both equally. Across all the health categories, those in lower social classes or from poorer neighbourhoods were equally or less likely than their more socially advantaged counterparts to say the poor had worse health. In a model containing age, sex, class and locality, those in lower social classes and in the poorer locality were significantly less likely to say that richer people live longer (OR: 0.5). We have therefore confirmed earlier observations that those most at risk of ill health may be less likely to acknowledge the social gradient in health. We suggest a need to examine this apparent paradox in other contexts and in more detail, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of head injury (HI) in infants, the factors favouring the occurrence of a subdural haematoma (SDH), the prevalence of retinal haemorrhages (RH) and the prognostic factors, by comparing the non-accidental (NAHI) and accidental (AHI) head injuries. RH, in particular, are of fundamental value in the diagnosis of NAHI but, in the absence of systematic studies, their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of the NAHI have rarely been assessed. METHOD: We prospectively collected the clinical, ophthalmologic and radiological data of HI occurring in children under 24 months old, notably by distinguishing essential macrocrania and symptomatic macrocrania of an SDH, by classifying the HI according to its severity. RESULTS: We observed 88 cases over a period of 22 months. It 28 cases it was NAHI and in the 60 others, AHI. The SDH was often correlated with the presence of retinal haemorrhages and the absence of signs of cranial impact, but not with child abuse or with essential macrocrania. The RH were of great importance in the diagnosis of NAHI; however, non-severe RH was noted in 4 cases of AHI. The neurological prognosis was essentially correlated with the initial clinical severity. CONCLUSION: Although only representing 33% of cases, child abuse was responsible for 2/3 of the deaths and for the totality of the severe morbidity in our series. The infants exhibiting perinatal problems represented an important group at risk of abuse, which justified their regular medical-social follow-up.