PubMed · 5999750
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L Gómez-Orozco, B R Ordóñez de la Mora, E Galindo Alcázar, A Martínez Ojeda. 1966. [Atopic dermatitis].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5999750/
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Cataract prevalence increases with age. As the world's population ages, cataract-induced visual dysfunction and blindness is on the increase. This is a significant global problem. The challenges are to prevent or delay cataract formation, and treat that which does occur. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to cataract formation. However, reducing ocular exposure to UV-B radiation and stopping smoking are the only interventions that can reduce factors that affect the risk of cataract. The cure for cataract is surgery, but this is not equally available to all, and the surgery which is available does not produce equal outcomes. Readily available surgical services capable of delivering good vision rehabilitation must be acceptable and accessible to all in need, no matter what their circumstances. To establish and sustain these services requires comprehensive strategies that go beyond a narrow focus on surgical technique. There must be changes in government priorities, population education, and an integrated approach to surgical and management training. This approach must include supply of start-up capital equipment, establishment of surgical audit, resupply of consumables, and cost-recovery mechanisms. Considerable innovation is required. Nowhere is this more evident than in the pursuit of secure funding for ongoing services.
Six experiments tested young infants' sensitivity to vowel and gender information in dynamic faces and voices. Infants were presented with side-by-side displays of two faces articulating the vowels /a/ or /i/ in synchrony. The heard voice matched the gender of one face in some studies and the vowel of one face in other studies and, in some studies, vowel and gender were placed in conflict. Infants of age 4.5 months showed no evidence of matching face and voice on the basis of gender, but were able to ignore irrelevant gender information and match on the basis of the vowel. Robust evidence of the ability to match on the basis of gender was not evident until 8 months of age. This set of findings suggests that, when identical stimuli are used, gender matching does not emerge until a later age than does phonetic matching. Results are discussed in relation to key theories of intermodal development.
Acute effects of cypermethrin, a pesticide used to treat ectoparasite infestations of salmon, were assessed using the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. A. tonsa has been widely used for hazard assessment of chemicals in the marine environment using acute toxicity tests, but only with randomly selected adults, assuming a sex ratio of 1:1. The present study assesses the environmental hazard of cypermethrin by exposing nauplii and adult males and females, separately. Our results showed that the naupliar stages were 28 times more sensitive to cypermethrin than adults after 96 h of exposure, with LC50s of 0.005 microg x L(-1) and 0.142 microg x L(-1), respectively. Significant differences in sensitivity between sexes were only found during the first 24 h of exposure, with males being approximately twice as sensitive as females. The results of age-related variation in sensitivity are supported by studies with other species of copepods and toxicants, where the increased capacity of the adults for detoxification, the allometric differences in weight and size, and the molting process are given as explanations. Variation in sensitivity between sexes is discussed in terms of faster depuration rates in females through egg production and implications of feeding rate changes after 24 h of exposure. Our results suggested that standard toxicity test methods using A. tonsa are unsatisfactory because the most sensitive life stage is not included and sex-related differences in tolerance are not taken into account. We also found that cypermethrin caused significant mortality in Acartia at exposures concentrations from one to three orders of magnitudes lower than the recommended field treatment concentration for copepodic infestations.