PubMed · 5945082
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1966. Gastrin.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5945082/
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Development of noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is an important problem. We investigated the possibility of detecting the bacterium in gastric juice. Noninvasive methods (bacteriological and urease test) for detection of H. pylori in gastric aspiration biopsy specimens are proposed.
The gastric juice of Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals contains substantially higher levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) than that of individuals who are not infected. We present a new theory for how this H. pylori-induced PLA2 activity in gastric juice may play a major role in the development of peptic ulcer disease. When activated at neutral pH (pH 6.5-7.0), PLA2 may damage the surfactant-like, phospholipid-rich layer which constitutes an important part of the mucus barrier. Pepsin and other proteases, activated at low pH (pH 1.0-3.5), may then denature and cleave PLA2-exposed proteins. Peptic ulcers therefore tend to develop in regions exposed to changing luminal pH, such as the duodenal bulb when acid production is high or normal, or in the stomach when acid secretion is low.
Phospholipid parameters -- lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and palmitic acid/stearic acid (P/S) ratio -- of gastric (GA), pharyngeal (PA), and tracheal aspirates (TA) have often been used for estimation of lung maturation. However, it was not known whether values from different sources can be alternatively used. The study was performed to test whether P/S and L/S ratios in GA, PA, and TA are comparable. 11 GA, 30 PA, and 10 TA were obtained from infants within 10 min after birth. All infants were healthy, vaginally delivered with no respiratory distress, and had a gestational age > or = 34 weeks. Patterns of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography and the L/S ratio by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found lower L/S ratios in GA (16.5 +/- 5.2) when compared with PA(39 +/- 16) or TA (41 +/- 15; p < 0.01); there were no differences between PA and TA. The P/S ratio was in the same range in PA and TA, but lower in GA. As compared with TA and PA, in GA the relative percentage of palmitic acid of all fatty acids was lower, the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids, however, higher. We conclude that phospholipid parameters of lung maturation in PA and TA, but not in GA, can be alternatively used.