PubMed · 584468
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J Samuel. 1977-02-05. [Epicondylalgia].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/584468/
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Coverage of soft-tissue defects about the elbow ranges from direct wound closure to free tissue transfer. Early split thickness skin grafting is vital to preserving range of motion in burn patients. Useful regional flaps include the flexor carpi ulnaris, brachioradialis, lateral arm, and radial forearm. The latissimus dorsi is the primary distant pedicled flap with great potential for use as a functionalized transfer. Other often used free flaps include the parascapular and scapular flaps, rectus flap, and gracilis flap.
This study focuses on upper extremity strength and movement control in a patient with Parkinson's disease who had stimulating electrodes surgically implanted in the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the left thalamus. We examined torque generation and control of movement distance in single degree-of-freedom elbow movements under three different stimulation conditions: (a) no stimulation, (b) high stimulation, in which tremor was minimized but there was also tingling and perceived weakness, and (c) moderate stimulation, in which tremor was partially reduced, but there was also a subjective sense of increased strength compared with the high-stimulation condition. The patient's ability to generate both steady torque and rapid movements was poorest with no stimulation. The patient generated the largest torques with moderate stimulation and performed the fastest movements with high stimulation. However, even with tremor minimized, the patient's electromyogram (EMG) burst patterns were not typical of those of neurologically healthy subjects, although the movements were clearly improved.