PubMed · 5810703
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A Dubois-Poulsen. 1969. [Visual fatigue].. https://doi.org/10.1159/000305815
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Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is normally localized to the synapse rich plexiform layers of the mammalian retina. In other neuronal systems, IAP and its ligand, P84, have been implicated in synaptic function. Previously, an abnormal distribution of P84 was noted in the IAP-null retina. To examine the potential role of IAP in the function of the retinal outer plexiform layer, we recorded electroretinograms (ERGs) from IAP-null mice and wild-type littermates. Under a wide range of stimulus conditions, there was no difference between the responses of these two groups, including ERG components that reflect post-receptoral activity. These results indicate that IAP and/or P84 may not be critical for the development and maintenance of the photoreceptor-to-bipolar cell synapse.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of prism adaptation response in Japanese patients with intermittent exotropia (X [T]) using the prism adaptation test and to assess whether patients with selected types of X [T] benefit from surgical outcome to which prism adaptation response may contribute. METHODS: In a prospective study, 128 consecutive patients with X [T] between 1990 and 1995 were enrolled. The prism adaptation test was conducted by neutralizing the angle of deviation for 2 to 3 hours. Patients who showed an increase in exodeviation by 10triangle up or more with the prism adaptation test were defined as having a prism adaptation response. For classification of the pattern of X [T], we chose a value of 15triangle up as the difference between the distance and near measurements. RESULTS: The percentage of patients in whom the prism adaptation response was observed at near fixation was significantly larger than those at distance fixation [35 (27%) patients versus 10 (8%) patients, P <.05]. Of 35 patients shown to have a prism adaptation response at near fixation, 21 patients (83%) had the basic type of exotropia. Fourteen patients (17%) with the basic type were changed to convergence insufficiency type because of an increase in near deviation and were defined as pseudo basic type. Patients with pseudo basic type had a significantly better surgical outcome compared with that of true basic type, whereas in the convergence insufficiency type, no definite tendency was found between the two subtypes, true and pseudo types. CONCLUSION: Patients with the pseudo basic type of X [T] in whom a prism adaptation response was demonstrated had a more favorable surgical outcome.
Properties of presumed mechanisms controlling photoreceptor alignments are partially defined. A phototropic mechanism normally dominates alignment, but do modest changes in orientations occur with dark patching? Here, new photopic Stiles-Crawford (SCE-I) determinations were made before patching (pre-patch), just after 8-days of dark-patching (post-patch), and 3 days after patch removal (recovery test). We tested at 0, 11 and 22 degrees in the temporal retina of both eyes. Ten eyes of adult subjects were tested. SCE-I peak positions and Stile's parameter 'rho' were assessed. Dark-patching effects were small. Observations revealed meaningful corrective alignment overshoots with recovery in the light. Results suggest (1) the presence of multiple weak mechanisms affecting receptor alignments in the dark; (2) the phototropic mechanism to be dominant in the light; (3) the need for multiple test loci to be sampled in such studies, and (4) small changes in the SCE-I in the pupil plane can reflect meaningful events occurring at the retina.