PubMed · 5769415
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N Hinch. 1969. Air pollution.. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed046p93
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Capturing the spatiotemporal distribution of pollutants in industrial parks remains challenging for regional air quality models because of their coarse resolution (3 km), resulting in uncertainties in local emission quantification. To address this, we developed the Integrated Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System for Industry (IAQMS-Industry), coupling the regional Nested Air Quality Prediction Modelling System (NAQPMS) with a city-scale chemical transport model. This framework integrates point-source locations and Gaussian plume dispersion to simulate particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) at 100 m resolution. Applied to the Beijing Yi Zhuang and Tangshan industrial parks and evaluated against observations. The coupled model achieved a normalized mean bias (NMB) ranging from 3.1 % to 6.2 %, improving upon NAQPMS (-16.9 % to -7.7 %). Spatial analysis revealed that coarse regional grids underestimated the PM2.5​ concentrations at industrial sites by smoothing gradients, whereas IAQMS-Industry successfully resolved spatial patterns. Industrial point emissions accounted for 22.9 %-26.4 % of PM2.5 in the coupled model, which was significantly greater than the regional model estimates of 1.6 %-13.7 %. These findings indicate that regional models overestimate pollutant dispersion processes in industrial parks while underestimating local industrial impacts. By explicitly resolving point-source dynamics and linking them to regional transport, IAQMS-Industry provides a robust tool for designing targeted emission controls in industrial cities and balancing local air quality improvements with minimized regional pollution outflow. This study underscores the necessity of multiscale modelling for accurate source apportionment and informed environmental governance in industrial zones.
In 1996, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined by HRGC/HRMS in 24 vegetation samples collected in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator (Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain). In the present study 24 vegetation samples were again taken at the same sampling points and analyzed for the levels of PCDD/Fs. The results were compared with those obtained in the previous survey. While in the 1996 study, PCDD/F levels ranged from 0.15 to 62.09 ng I-TEQ/kg (dry matter) (median value, 0.33 ng I-TEQ/kg; mean value, 4.11 ng I-TEQ/kg), the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the 1997 survey ranged between 0.11 and 0.50 ng I-TEQ/kg (dry matter) (median value, 0.20 ng I-TEQ/kg; mean value, 0.23 ng I-TEQ/kg). The individual comparison between PCDD/F levels in the samples collected in 1996 and 1997 showed a decrease in 15 of the 24 sampling points. When the comparison was carried out in relation to each of the four main wind directions in the area, the highest decrease in PCDD/F concentrations (64%) corresponded to samples in the SE direction, while those in the NE direction showed also a notable reduction in total I-TEQ (44%). In contrast, PCDD/F levels in vegetation samples from NW and SW directions were increased (37% and 6%, respectively). When the data were evaluated according to the distance of the sampling points to the plant, the highest decrease in total I-TEQ was found at 500 m from the stack. The results of this study seem to provide evidence for a decline in atmospheric emissions of PCDD/Fs in the area of Tarragona.
Vertical concentration profiles of various particle size ranges of airborne particulate matter were measured from ground level up to 3 m, in outdoor and indoor environments. Indoor measurements were carried out in an electronics workshop, while two outdoor environments were chosen: a street canyon cutting across a town and an open field situated in a semi-rural environment. The novel measurement technique employed in this experimental work, which can also be used to determine vertical concentration gradients of pollutants other than airborne particles in different environments, is given particular attention. Analyses of the collected data for the environments considered are presented and some conclusions and plausible explanations of the profiles are discussed. The workshop and street canyon environments exhibited larger concentrations and vertical concentration gradients as compared to the sports field. This indicates that people breathing at different heights are subjected to different concentrations of airborne particulate matter, which has implications for sitting air pollution monitors intended for protection of public health and estimation of human exposure.