PubMed · 5714949
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H Zapp. 1968. [Are accidents unavoidable?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5714949/
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During 1995, pedestrian deaths accounted for approximately 15% of all motor-vehicle-related deaths sustained by children aged 0-19 years in the United States. Because of the levels of participation in Halloween-related activities by elementary and middle school-aged children, these children might be more likely to sustain pedestrian injuries on that evening than on other evenings. To characterize the occurrence of fatal pedestrian injury among children on Halloween, CDC analyzed mortality data from the Fatal Analysis Reporting System (FARS) of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) during 1975-1996. This report summarizes the results of the analysis and suggests measures to prevent Halloween-related pedestrian injuries and deaths among children. The findings indicate that the number of childhood pedestrian deaths increased fourfold among children on Halloween evenings when compared with all other evenings.
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Driving under the influence of drugs is a serious road safety problem. Since 1995, the county medical officer of Vest-Agder has given measures to reduce this problem high priority. Maximum acceptable daily doses were introduced for psychoactive drugs, and the daily intake was calculated in the individual case, based on information about prescriptions for a minimum period of three months. A total of 46 cases led to reactions during the years 1995 and 1996; these consisted of a warning to the driver (38 cases), a recommendation to the police to suspend the license (23 cases) or advising the licensing authorities to change the conditions of the license (six cases). Combinations of psychoactive drugs were used in 39 cases. One of the benzodiazepines was judged to represent the highest risk in 32 cases, and an opioid analgesic in ten cases. Information was usually obtained from monitoring doctors' prescriptions, rarely directly from the doctors themselves. Greater alertness, combined with objective guidelines, might help reduce the problem. In our opinion, stricter regulations are not necessary.