PubMed · 5670742
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A Aro. 1968. [Thyrocalcitonin].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5670742/
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The efficiency of a novel non-Shine-Dalgarno translational initiator (ACCUACUCGAGUUAG, denoted PL) to promote translation in Escherichia coli was compared with that of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) consensus sequence (AAGGAGGU) using four reporter genes. The obtained results showed that the genes of pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP I) and human calcitonin (CT) were poorly expressed under the conventional SD and were better expressed under the PL sequence. On the contrary, the genes of human interferon gamma (hIFN gamma) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) were highly expressed under SD and poorly expressed under the PL sequence. Computer search revealed a great diversity between the four reporter genes in respect to their complementarity to E. coli 16S rRNA. PAP I and CT genes were rich in nucleotides matching 16S rRNA (called downstream boxes) whereas the complementary domains in the other two (hIFN-gamma and CAT) genes were much shorter. The different behavior of the four reporter genes when placed under the translational control of SD and PL sequences was explained by the different binding energy of their mRNAs to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
We examined the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in published randomised clinical trials using calcitonin by parenteral injection or intranasal spray. Trials were reviewed that compared calcitonin with placebo, no therapy, or calcium with or without vitamin D, and that mentioned fracture as an outcome. Studies that compared the effect of calcitonin with other active treatments were excluded. Fourteen trials with 1309 men and women were identified. In the calcitonin and the control groups, vertebral and non-vertebral fractures were summed and divided by the number of individuals originally allocated to the treatment groups. The relative risk of any fracture for individuals taking calcitonin versus those not taking calcitonin was 0.43 (95% CI 0.38-0.50). The effect was apparent for both vertebral fracture (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.39-0.53) and non-vertebral fractures (RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.17-0.68). When studies identifying patients with fracture, rather than numbers of fractures were pooled, the magnitude of effect was less (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.60-0.93), and the separate effects on vertebral and non-vertebral fractures was of borderline significance. We conclude that, within the limitations of this study, treatment with calcitonin is associated with a significant decrease in the number of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures.