PubMed · 5610945
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J Siegfried. 1967. [Stereoencephalography].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5610945/
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This paper describes a prospective study designed to ascertain the predictive value of biological factors associated with schizophrenia in males and females. In a sample of 59 medication-free schizophrenic inpatients (41 males; 18 females), we assessed the correlation of four factors--rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, delta (slow-wave) sleep, dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol levels, and ventricle-brain ratio (VBR)--with several dimensions of outcome at 1-year post-discharge. In the total sample, shorter REM latency was associated with poor outcome on all dimensions measured: rehospitalization, employment, social activity, symptomatology, and global functioning. However, none of the other biological factors were associated with any measure of outcome. The predictive value of REM latency appeared to be gender-specific; in general, the relationships between reduced REM latency and poor outcome were consistently noted in females, but were not significant in males. These results suggest that a common, possibly gender-related, pathophysiological mechanism might underlie both abnormal REM latency and poor outcome. The findings underscore the importance of considering gender differences in studies of schizophrenia.
Human scalp potentials evoked by vernier stimuli have been recorded for offsets less than the diameter of a foveal cone, but always for abruptly moving stimuli. Those evoked potentials were related to the magnitude of vernier offset. Here we report results for stimuli containing no apparent motion confound, using multichannel recordings and multivariate analysis methods which stress the concept of a sampling of the scalp field. We found evidence of cortical activity dependent on the direction of vernier offset, at much shorter latencies (ca. 75 ms) than previously reported, but no evidence of early cortical activity related to the magnitude of offset. Repeating the experiments and analysis using a stimulus containing apparent motion, we found evidence of cortical activity dependent on the magnitude of offset at both 75 and 200 ms, but none related to direction of offset. These findings suggest that previous studies which contained the apparent motion confound might not have obtained visual evoked potentials entirely due to vernier offset.