PubMed · 5605022
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A D Cattaneo. 1967. [Air conditioning].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5605022/
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There have been few studies of the occupational exposure of the new volatile anaesthetic agents desflurane and sevoflurane. Because a health risk through long-term exposure to these inhalants cannot as yet be definitely excluded, we undertook to measure the concentrations of these three anaesthetics in different parts of the Frankfurt University Medical Centre. Considering the results the relevance of exposure for surgical and anaesthesia personnel, possible consequences due to laws and possibilities of improvement were shown. METHODS: The concentration of the three anaesthetics was measured during and after 345 procedures under general anaesthesia, using photoacoustic infra-red-spectrometry every 90 sec in the breathing zone of the same operating room personnel or in the recovery room and the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Exposure of personnel in the air-conditioned operating rooms was very low, but in those rooms that were not or inadequately air conditioned was a times very high. The level of the concentrations was also significantly related to the anaesthesia system and the distance of the exposed person to the patient. The concentration of nitrous oxide was below the maximal working-place concentration (MWC) of 100 ppm, but it exceeded the threshold concentration of 0.1 MAC, as laid down in the "Maternal Protection Law" in the surgical intensive care unit and the recovery room. There are no limiting concentrations for desflurane and sevoflurane yet but their concentrations were clearly below the MWC laid down for isoflurane and enflurane. CONCLUSION: In principle the use of inhalation anaesthetics can be considered to be without occupational health risk under the present legally defined standards of air-conditioning and the requirements of a modern occupational protection law. Because of the increased concentrations in the recovery room and intensive care unit pregnant and breast-feeding women should not work in these areas.
BACKGROUND: Occupational scientists agree there are hazards associated with dry-cleaning, but do dry-cleaning owners and workers concur? Knowledge of owners' and workers' perceptions can help guide intervention efforts to reduce worker exposure. To better understand these issues, a qualitative study was conducted using focus group methodology and constant comparative analysis. METHODS: Two owner and four worker focus groups were held. RESULTS: Findings suggest that overall, health and safety issues were not of great concern. Owners were primarily concerned with the economic impact of regulations. Workers did express some anxiety about solvent exposure and burns, but most felt that these hazards were "just part of the job." Also, other than the installation of air-conditioning in the shops and the provision of health benefits, workers could not think of ways health and safety on the job could be improved. CONCLUSIONS: These findings will be used to develop comprehensive safety and health interventions (e.g., engineering plus education and training) in dry-cleaning shops.
Five classrooms, air-conditioned or naturally ventilated, at five different schools were chosen for comparison of indoor and outdoor air quality. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter less than 10 microns (PM10), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total bacteria counts were monitored at indoor and outdoor locations simultaneously. Respirable particulate matter was found to be the worst among parameters measured in this study. The indoor and outdoor average PM10 concentrations exceeded the Hong Kong standards, and the maximum indoor PM10 level was even at 472 micrograms/m3. Air cleaners could be used in classrooms to reduce the high PM10 concentration. Indoor CO2 concentrations often exceeded 1,000 microliters/l indicating inadequate ventilation. Lowering the occupancy and increasing breaks between classes could alleviate the high CO2 concentrations. Though the maximum indoor CO2 level reached 5,900 microliters/l during class at one of the sites, CO2 concentrations were still at levels that pose no health threats.