PubMed · 5450028
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1970-05-01. [Cyclamate].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5450028/
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The dietary intake of saccharin and cyclamate was investigated during the period 1979-1985 in order to find out about the use as sweeteners in the food industry and hospitals and to obtain intake data for the toxicological evaluation of sweeteners in the Finnish diet. Eighty-nine samples of desserts served in 85 hospitals were analysed in 1983. Other samples investigated were artificially sweetened commercial foods available in Finland, such as soft drinks, sweets and jellies. The intake evaluation was carried out with reference to the acceptable daily intake (ADI), with commercial portions for a child being 20 kg and for an adult 60 kg. The most important foods with regard to the intake of saccharin and cyclamate were soft drinks. In 1979, 1982 and 1985, soft drinks contributed 128%, 93%, and 51%, respectively, of the ADI of artificial sweeteners for children and 42%, 31%, and 17% for adults. Artificially sweetened desserts served in hospitals contributed to 35% of the ADI for children and 11% for adults.
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Adequate data on the carcinogenicity of saccharin and cyclamate to humans are available only for the urinary bladder. In the studies available, exposure to saccharin and to cyclamate cannot be distinguished readily. Descriptive studies have shown no evidence of time trends in bladder cancer that can be related to use of saccharin or cyclamate. Likewise, studies of diabetics, who have used more saccharin and cyclamate than other people, have shown no evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer. This association, however, is probably confounded negatively by cigarette smoking. Thirteen case-control studies have addressed the relationship of saccharin and cyclamate intake to bladder cancer in individuals. While statistically significant positive associations have been observed, a similar number of significant negative associations has also been observed. Studies of the dose-response relationships have also shown no consistent pattern. Studies of saccharin and cyclamate use with smoking habits have shown no consistent interaction with heavy smoking, as might be expected from a promotional effect. In some studies, however, an increased risk with saccharin and cyclamate use has been observed in female non-smokers--a group otherwise at low risk for bladder cancer.