PubMed · 5370927
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K Winter. 1969-10-15. [Hospitalization].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5370927/
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PURPOSE: We describe modified patient positioning on the Cloward surgical saddle for use during percutaneous nephroscopic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Cloward surgical saddle, which was designed for prone patient positioning, has been used primarily for lumbar surgery. We evaluated the use of the surgical saddle for ease of patient positioning during percutaneous nephroscopic procedures. RESULTS: We have used the surgical saddle in 10 patients to date, including 1 who was 5 feet 8 inches (173 cm.) tall and who weighed 370 pounds (168 kg.). In all cases pulmonary airway pressure was maintained at less than 30 cm. water. We have observed no incidence of pressure injury or other complications associated with position. CONCLUSIONS: Patient positioning during percutaneous nephroscopic surgery is important for preventing pressure injury and allowing adequate pulmonary ventilation. The surgical saddle is an excellent aid for secure patient positioning during percutaneous nephroscopic procedures that helps to minimize the risk of pressure injury and pulmonary compromise.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risks of the sudden infant death syndrome and factors that may contribute to unsafe sleeping environments. DESIGN: Three year, population based case-control study. Parental interviews were conducted for each sudden infant death and for four controls matched for age, locality, and time of sleep. SETTING: Five regions in England with a total population of over 17 million people. SUBJECTS: 325 babies who died and 1300 control infants. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis infants who shared their parents' bed and were then put back in their own cot had no increased risk (odds ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 2.00). There was an increased risk for infants who shared the bed for the whole sleep or were taken to and found in the parental bed (9.78; 4.02 to 23.83), infants who slept in a separate room from their parents (10.49; 4.26 to 25.81), and infants who shared a sofa (48.99; 5.04 to 475.60). The risk associated with being found in the parental bed was not significant for older infants (>14 weeks) or for infants of parents who did not smoke and became non-significant after adjustment for recent maternal alcohol consumption (>2 units), use of duvets (>4 togs), parental tiredness (infant slept </=4 hours for longest sleep in previous 24 hours), and overcrowded housing conditions (>2 people per room of the house). CONCLUSIONS: There are certain circumstances when bed sharing should be avoided, particularly for infants under four months old. Parents sleeping on a sofa with infants should always be avoided. There is no evidence that bed sharing is hazardous for infants of parents who do not smoke.