PubMed · 5316030
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C S Grove. 1971. Solid waste-collections and disposal.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5316030/
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In recent years several types of sensors and measurement techniques have been developed for measuring the moisture content, water saturation, or the volumetric water content of landfilled wastes. In this work, we review several of the most promising techniques. The basic principles behind each technique are discussed and field applications of the techniques are presented, including cost estimates. For several sensors, previously unpublished data are given. Neutron probes, electrical resistivity (impedance) sensors, time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors, and the partitioning gas tracer technique (PGTT) were field tested with results compared to gravimetric measurements or estimates of the volumetric water content or moisture content. Neutron probes were not able to accurately measure the volumetric water content, but could track changes in moisture conditions. Electrical resistivity and TDR sensors tended to provide biased estimates, with instrument-determined moisture contents larger than independent estimates. While the PGTT resulted in relatively accurate measurements, electrical resistivity and TDR sensors provide more rapid results and are better suited for tracking infiltration fronts. Fiber optic sensors and electrical resistivity tomography hold promise for measuring water distributions in situ, particularly during infiltration events, but have not been tested with independent measurements to quantify their accuracy. Additional work is recommended to advance the development of some of these instruments and to acquire an improved understanding of liquid movement in landfills by application of the most promising techniques in the field.
This research investigated transient water flow in unsaturated municipal solid waste (MSW) packed in columns using neutron scattering. The method developed was able to measure absolute moisture content and moisture variation in a sample of MSW produced in the city of Fortaleza (Brazil) during a simulated tropical rain event. The technique was proven to be efficient, showing that channeling flow accounts for most of the unsaturated flow conditions. The most important effect of micro-porous flow was on water accumulation and small long-term outflow. Furthermore, the definition of field capacity used in soil sciences does not seem to apply to flow in unsaturated MSW; the MSW layers kept increasing in moisture content long after water was allowed through. Finally, the long-term draining experiment demonstrated that the macro-porous matrix may not be a continuous medium, which makes experimental procedures that rely on matrix potential in specific points of the solid waste mass inaccurate.
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