PubMed · 5263825
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B V Berkovits. 1969-10-30. Demand pacing.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb34149.x
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We assessed the long-term efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in 64 refractory epilepsy patients. After implantation, intermittent stimulation was delivered and seizure frequency and severity were counted. Average treatment time was 20 months. Nineteen of 47 patients with partial seizures, five of nine patients with idiopathic generalized seizures, and five of eight patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome had >50% seizure reduction. Side effects were mild. VNS is a safe and effective treatment for refractory epilepsy.
Motor potentials of the intrinsic lingual muscles were recorded by surface electrode in a patient with left hypoglossal neuropathy. Electrical stimulation of the right hypoglossal nerve had contralateral lingual muscle potentials representing the crosstalk volume conducted electromyography signals. Magnetic stimulation of either cerebral hemisphere yielded motor responses on the right half of the tongue with more contribution from the crossed corticobulbar fibers. Follow-up studies showed an improvement of dysphagia and left lingual motor potentials.