PubMed · 5203323
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1970. Chrome: using the recommended ointment.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5203323/
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AIM: To compare the efficacy of a standard NaOCl irrigation procedure with that of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in contaminated root canals having small and large apical foramina. METHODOLOGY: Forty root canals of extracted central incisor teeth with straight roots were chosen so that their apical foramina just permitted the tip of a size 20-K file to pass through. The canals were then enlarged with files to size 60 and randomly divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. The apical foramina of one group were widened further so that the tip of a size 45-K file could just pass through. After sterilization, all roots were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 48 h at 37 degrees C. The first group was used as a control, the second group was irrigated with 3% NaOCl solution for 15 min, and the last two groups having different sizes of apical foramina were irradiated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at output power from 0.5 W, with 20% air and water levels. The disinfecting efficacy of the groups was tested by collecting dentine chips from the inner canal walls of the specimens and counting viable E. faecalis on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. RESULTS: The differences in the mean number of viable colonies between the control and laser groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The control specimens had the highest number of microorganisms (153 x 10(3) +/- 39 x 10(3)). Complete sterilization was achieved in the 3% NaOCl group. The mean colony forming units (CFU) values obtained after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation were 6.6 x 10(3) CFU and 6.5 x 10(3) CFU in root canals having large and small apical foramina respectively. CONCLUSION: In teeth with straight roots the Er,Cr:YSGG laser reduced the viable microbial population in root canals with small and large apical foramina but did not eradicate all bacteria. Three percent NaOCl inhibited the growth of E. faecalis and effectively sterilized all root canals.
Integration of mononuclear [Cr(CN)6]3- and preorganized trinuclear [Co2Ln(L)2]3+ complexes provides novel trimetallic magnets having a 3-D pillared-layer framework with an alternate array of 2-D layer extended by Cr(III)-CN-Co(II) linkages and Ln(III) ion. The overall magnetic nature can be systematically controlled by Ln(III) ions inserted between the 2-D ferromagnetic layers.
OBJECTIVES: In recent years there has been an increase in the use of dental casting alloys in prosthodontic treatment. Many patients have metals or alloys, as well as amalgam fillings, in their mouth, and will have them for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, in vitro, the galvanic corrosion behavior of chromium-cobalt alloy (Remanium GM 380) and chromium-nickel alloy (Remanium CS) when bound together or coupled with silver-based amalgam (Amalcap plus). METHODS: An electrochemical characterization of the alloys was performed by potentiostatic and potentiodynamic methods, i.e. the open circuit potential (OCP), the corrosion potential (E(CORR)), corrosion current density (i(CORR)) and corrosion resistance (R(P)). The electromotive force (EMF) of the bimetallic cells was also tested. Electroanalytical techniques were used to estimate the release of any respective element from the dental alloys under study into the artificial saliva solution. RESULTS: It was found that a bimetallic cell consisting of Remanium CS and Remanium GM 380 alloys has a very low EMF (a few mV) and is not a potential source of galvanic currents in the oral cavity. However, galvanic cells prepared from Amalcap plus and Remanium CS or Remanium GM 380 showed a much greater EMF: 104 and 109mV, respectively. This clearly indicates that in these latter cases it is possible to expect some metal ions in the saliva solution as a result of the work of galvanic currents. It was found, by adsorptive stripping voltammetry analysis, that nickel or cobalt, depending on the alloy used, appeared in the saliva solution and increased in concentration over time. SIGNIFICANCE: The results indicate that the correct design and use of dental alloys are important when determining the appropriate treatment for a specific patient.