PubMed · 5194403
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1969. [The United Nations Development Program].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5194403/
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This paper grouped together recent ILO conventions relevant to occupational safety and health (OSH) in order to clarify their characteristics and form an overview. There are 13 such conventions adopted by ILO during the period 1960-1993. Each of these conventions have distinct goals to cover respective areas of OSH, which was contrasted with each other. Conventions are subject to ratification, thus the ratification status of Japan was statistically compared to that of ILO and OECD member states. As at June 1993, Japan ratified three of such conventions, which was slightly higher than the average number ratified by all ILO member states and ranked 11th among 24 OECD member states. The relative ratification status of Japan on ILO Conventions fared better with those relevant to OSH than others. ILO Conventions are inter-related by reference and note, thus ratification of basic conventions such as C. 155 (Occupational Safety and Health Convention) and C. 148 (Working Environment Convention), neither of which is ratified by Japan, should be prioritized to further promote ratification status in the OSH area.
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OECD has been involved in the harmonisation of policies and instruments for chemicals control since the late 1970's. The OECD principles of good laboratory practice (GLP) were developed and subsequently adopted by the Council in 1981. These principles have the primary objective of ensuring the generation of high quality test data. They set out managerial concepts covering the organisation of test laboratories as well as the conditions under which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded and reported. A system of compliance monitoring procedures has been established to ensure that laboratory studies are carried out in member countries according to the principles of GLP. The harmonization and mutual recognition of compliance monitoring methods among member countries have been a crucial step in ensuring the international acceptability of data. This undertaking involved the development of consistent criteria for determining whether a laboratory conducts studies in accordance with the principles of GLP. Training courses are held for GLP inspectors, an activity which lies at the basis of harmonising monitoring procedures. Consensus workshops result in consensus documents on the harmonised application and interpretation of the GLP principles in specific areas or on specific points. This system makes it possible for countries to speak the same language when exchanging information about specific laboratories, and to have confidence in the quality and rigour of safety tests undertaken in a laboratory.