PubMed · 5170939
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H Salzer. 1971-11-08. Insect stings.. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1971.03190190073029
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The purpose of this project was to assess the plasma pharmacokinetics of [(3)H]cholesterol following coadministration of a novel vegetable stanol mixture composed of sitostanol and campestanol (FCP-3P4) to fasting rats. Following an overnight fast (12-16 h) and 48 h post-surgery, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six treatment groups and received a single-dose oral gavage at 0700 h of either: [(3)H]cholesterol (25 microCi/mL), FCP-3P4 (5 mg/kg) + [(3)H]cholesterol (25 microCi/mL), FCP-3P4 (12.5 mg/kg) + [(3)H]cholesterol (25 microCi/mL), FCP-3P4 (25 mg/kg) + [(3)H]cholesterol (25 microCi/mL), FCP-3P4 (50 mg/kg) + [(3)H]cholesterol (25 microCi/mL), or FCP-3P4 (100 mg/kg) + [(3)H]cholesterol (25 microCi/mL). Intralipid (10%) was the vehicle used to solubilize and coadminister [(3)H]cholesterol and FCP-3P4. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed minimal cholesterol and vegetable stanol content within 10% Intralipid. Analysis of plasma pharmacokinetics was initiated by sampling 0.5 mL of blood prior to and 0.25, 0.5 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10, 24, 28, 32, and 48 h post-oral gavage. Plasma samples were obtained by centrifugation of the blood samples and analyzed for [(3)H]cholesterol radioactivity. Pharmacokinetics analysis was performed by standard noncompartmental methods using statistical moment theory. Thin-layer chromatography was used to confirm that the majority of radioactivity measured in plasma was cholesterol (in the form of esterified or unesterified cholesterol). Greater than 90% of the radioactivity measured in all plasma samples was cholesterol-associated (in the form of either esterified or unesterified cholesterol). The coadministration of FCP-3P4 significantly decreased the area under the curve of [(3)H]cholesterol concentration versus time from 0 to 48 h (AUC(0-48h)) and maximum concentration (C(max)) in a dose-dependent manner. However, coadministration of FCP-3P4 at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in apparent total body clearance (CL/F, where F is the bioavailability constant), apparent volume of distribution (V(d)/F), and oral absorption rate constant (k(a)) of [(3)H]cholesterol compared with controls. These findings suggest that the novel vegetable stanol mixture, FCP-3P4, modifies the plasma pharmacokinetics of [(3)H]cholesterol in fasting rats on oral coadministration.
The objective of this study was to estimate colon-specific delivery of insulin and (Asu(1,7))eel-calcitonin using novel azopolymer-coated pellets. In vitro drug-release experiments from the azopolymer-coated pellets containing fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (MW 4400; FD-4) were carried out by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (J.P.) XIII rotating basket method with some slight modifications. Little release of FD-4 from the pellets was observed in phosphate buffered saline. However, the release of FD-4 was markedly increased in the presence of rat cecal contents. The intestinal absorption of insulin and (Asu(1,7))eel-calcitonin after oral administration of the azopolymer-coated pellets containing these peptides with camostat mesilate was evaluated by measuring the hypoglycemic and hypocalcemic effects, respectively. A slight decrease in plasma glucose levels was observed following the oral administration of these pellets containing 12.5 IU of insulin compared with the same dose of insulin solution. Camostat mesilate, a protease inhibitor that is incorporated with insulin in these pellets, further decreased the plasma glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were also obtained with the oral administration of pellets containing (Asu(1,7))eel-calcitonin. These findings suggest that azopolymer-coated pellets may be useful carriers for the colon-specific delivery of peptides including insulin and (Asu(1,7))eel-calcitonin.
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