PubMed · 5158775
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M M Steward. 1971. Internship evaluation by questionnaire.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5158775/
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Three versions of a commercial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) load test (the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test versions 1. 0, 1.0+, and 1.5; Roche Diagnostics, Branchburg, N.J.) were evaluated for their ability to detect and quantify HIV-1 RNA of different genetic subtypes. Plasma samples from 96 patients infected with various subtypes of HIV-1 (55 patients infected with subtype A, 9 with subtype B, 21 with subtype C, 2 with subtype D, 7 with subtype E, and 2 with subtype G) and cultured virus from 29 HIV-1 reference strains (3 of subtype A, 6 of subtype B, 5 of subtype C, 3 of subtype D, 8 of subtype E, 3 of subtype F, and 1 of subtype G) were tested. Detection of subtypes A and E was significantly improved with versions 1.0+ and 1.5 compared to that with version 1. 0, whereas detection of subtypes B, C, D, and G was equivalent with the three versions. Versions 1.0, 1.0+, and 1.5 detected 65, 98, and 100% of the subtype A-infected samples from patients, respectively, and 71, 100, and 100% of the subtype E-infected samples from patients, respectively. Version 1.5 yielded a significant increase in viral load for samples infected with subtypes A and E (greater than 1 log10 HIV RNA copies/ml). For samples infected with subtype B, C, and D and tested with version 1.5, only a slight increase in viral load was observed (<0.5 log10). We also evaluated a prototype automated version of the test that uses the same PCR primers as version 1.5. The results with the prototype automated test were highly correlated with those of the version 1.5 test for all subtypes, but were lower overall. The AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, version 1.5, yielded accurate measurement of the HIV load for all HIV-1 subtypes tested, which should allow the test to be used to assess disease prognosis and response to antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with a group M HIV-1 subtype.
The latex agglutination kits that are widely used for grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci in clinical laboratories use liquid latex suspensions. The Oxoid Dryspot kit (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom) uses predispensed latex dried onto reaction cards or cardboard strips. All streptococci of groups A (85 strains), B (87 strains), C (30 strains), D (38 strains), F (23 strains), and G (65 strains) were correctly grouped by using these reagents. The Oxoid Dryspot Streptococcal Grouping kit is a reliable method for grouping of the beta-hemolytic streptococci encountered in clinical laboratories.
Longini and Halloran and Halloran et al. recently developed a method for estimation of parameters related to the efficacy of a vaccine and to the transmission of an infectious disease from time-to-event (disease or infection) data. This work uses their method to evaluate the individual and population effectiveness of a vaccination programme (Haber et al.). Data from an outbreak of measles in Chad illustrates the new methods.