PubMed · 5157467
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H Schmechta, A Matz. 1971. [Sinking into grain].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5157467/
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STUDY DESIGN: Five-year prospective cohort study of 1449 transit operators. OBJECTIVES: To investigate psychosocial job factors as predictors of work-related spinal injuries, controlling for current and past physical workload. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The association between psychosocial job factors and spinal disorders may be confounded by physical workload. A 1991 prospective study of Boeing workers found psychosocial but not physical factors to be associated with spinal injuries. However, data on physical workload were limited. Recent cross-sectional studies of transit drivers showed both physical and psychosocial factors to be independently associated with back and neck pain. This study was designed to test these findings prospectively. METHODS: Spinal injuries were ascertained from workers' compensation records, employment history from company records, and psychosocial factors from questionnaires. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, height, weight, vehicle type, and current and past physical workload. RESULTS: During follow-up, 320 drivers reported a first spinal injury. Spinal injury was predicted by psychological job demands (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.95); job dissatisfaction (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09-2.23); and the frequency of job problems (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02-2.26). Marginally significant associations were found for low supervisor support (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.72) and female gender (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.95-2.32). Compared with full-time work, part-time work was associated with a 2.7-fold reduced risk for spinal injury (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.93). Cable car crews performing the heaviest physical labor had a threefold increased risk of spinal injury compared with bus drivers (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.85-5.00). CONCLUSIONS: Physical workload and psychosocial job factors both independently predict spinal injury in transit vehicle operators.
OBJECTIVE: Infections transmitted by blood such as viral hepatitis B and C or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a true threat to health care workers. As medical students are exposed to accidental contamination during their hospital activities, we conducted a survey among medical students in Nice France to determine the frequency and circumstances of needle prick accidents and how the risk of blood exposure is managed. METHODS: A survey was conducted between December 1 and December 15, 1996 among second cycle medical students. An anonymous questionnaire was proposed to all students attending mandatory faculty classes. A blood-exposure accident was defined as a needle prick or a cut caused by another sharp object which occurred in the hospital. RESULTS: Among the 237 students enrolled in the classes, 200 (84%) responded to the survey. Among these, one-quarter had experienced a blood-exposure accident by needle prick. For students terminating their second cycle, this rate was 37%. In 58% of the cases, the accidents had occurred when the students were on duty (excepting hospital training courses). Blood drawing for gas measurements was the most frequent circumstance (44%). Only 39% of the students had declared the accident and 51% had had a serology control within 2 months. The serological status of the source patient was unknown to the students in nearly half the cases. Only one out of two students applied elementary safety measures systematically (gloves, not recapping the needle). Only 13% of the students stated they had received information about blood-exposure accidents and their prevention and less than 50% had a correct notion of the risk of hepatitis B and C and HIV transmission by needle pricks. CONCLUSION: The incidence of blood-exposure accidents in hospital medical students is high and probably underestimated by official statistics due to the low declaration rate. Measures should rapidly implemented to inform and train students on prevention. Our units are currently working with students, the medical faculty and the occupational medicine unit to reach these objectives.
STUDY DESIGN: Evaluation of the long-term outcomes of 178 railroad employees with low back injury who had completed a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. OBJECTIVES: To study two major areas: 1) outcomes of the rehabilitation program in terms of the patient's improvement in function and rate of return to work and 2) factors that predict long-term retention at work, both at the railroad and elsewhere. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Several studies have been published examining rehabilitation outcomes of individuals covered under workers' compensation law, but few exist that have examined railroad workers covered by the Federal Employers Liability Act, and few studies exist with follow-up periods longer than 3 years. METHODS: Physical/medical, self-reported, and employment/financial data were collected on each patient from medical and employment records. Follow-up data regarding employment status were obtained either from the employer or from the patient by telephone interview. RESULTS: On average, the patients improved in all objective and subjective measures after rehabilitation. Improvements in these measures were not predictive of return to work. At follow-up examination, 89% of the contacted patients were employed--61% still at the rail-road. The employment factors of lost work days and length of employment and the financial factor of wage rate were the most predictive of long-term work status. CONCLUSIONS: The multidisciplinary program in the current study was found to improve patient physical functioning and reduce pain. However, success in these measures was not predictive of long-term work status, suggesting that other factors have an impact on work status. Clinicians must be aware that employment and financial factors may have a strong influence on return-to-work outcomes.