PubMed · 5033539
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S C Cowdry, S Shapiro. 1972-07-27. Immunologic reactivity in hyperuricemia.. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm197207272870424
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OBJECTIVES: Studies related to the prophylactic efficacy of fluoroquinolones against infective endocarditis are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin, a quinolone active in vitro against Gram-positive cocci, in preventing streptococcal aortic valve endocarditis. METHODS: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis of the aortic valve was induced by the insertion of a polyethylene catheter. Twenty-four hours later, rabbits were randomly assigned to a control group, and groups receiving either two doses of ampicillin (40 mg/kg, intravenously), 2 h apart, or a single dose of moxifloxacin (15 mg/kg, intravenously). Ampicillin and moxifloxacin were administered 0.5 and 1 h, respectively, prior to the intravenous inoculation of 10(7) cfu of Streptococcus oralis. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of the control animals developed infected vegetations. In rabbits challenged with this very high inoculum, moxifloxacin and ampicillin prevented endocarditis in 80% (P < 0.001 versus controls) and in 50% (P = 0.022 versus controls) of animals, respectively. The difference between ampicillin and moxifloxacin was not statistically significant (P = 0.128). CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin was at least as effective as ampicillin in preventing streptococcal endocarditis.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the biological stability of heparin and to test for physical compatibility in heparin/antibiotic solutions in concentrations suitable for antibiotic lock therapy. METHODS: Solutions were prepared with heparin 5000 U/mL or heparin 10 U/mL and cefazolin 10 mg/mL, ampicillin 10 mg/mL, or piperacillin 40 mg/mL. Solutions of vancomycin 2.5 mg/mL with heparin 5000 U/mL and vancomycin 2 mg/mL with heparin 10 U/mL were also prepared. The ability of each solution to elevate the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of pooled normal plasma and the physical compatibility of the solutions were assessed for 14 days. RESULTS: The APTT levels never varied by more than 16.4% from baseline. Physical incompatibility never occurred before day 14 in any of the solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Mixing of antibiotics in the concentrations chosen for the study had no clinically significant effect on biological heparin activity, and all solutions were physically compatible for at least 14 days.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the agreement between microbroth dilution and agar dilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni. METHODS: Utilizing commercially prepared antimicrobial panels, microbroth dilution was compared with agar dilution for determining antimicrobial susceptibility in C. jejuni isolates. To assess the performance of both techniques for ampicillin, 190 C. jejuni isolates from dairy cattle were utilized. A group of 172 C. jejuni isolates from dairy sources were used to compare the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. RESULTS: Our results indicate that microbroth dilution and agar dilution agree within +/-1 log2 dilution for 86.7% of the isolates tested. Ciprofloxacin had the highest level of agreement for isolates tested by both techniques, resulting in a kappa of 0.886 and 97.1% agreement +/-1 log2 dilution. The least agreement was observed in determining the susceptibility of isolates to ampicillin and erythromycin (82.1 and 79.7% agreement +/-1 log2 dilution). However, kappa statistics were considered to have good agreement for these antimicrobials. There were no significant differences in the summary statistics for any of the five antimicrobials evaluated for the isolates analysed by the percentage of resistant isolates, MIC50, MIC75 or MIC90 beyond +/-1 log2 dilution. There was no association in the classification of resistance by the testing methods employed. We also demonstrated that the quality control strain of C. jejuni ATCC 33650 performed in a consistent manner for both agar dilution and microbroth dilution. CONCLUSIONS: Microbroth dilution may be an acceptable alternative to agar dilution for determining susceptibility of C. jejuni in research or surveillance where flow of samples, labour efficiency and cost may restrict the use of agar dilution.