PubMed · 4942009
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W F Grether. 1971. Acceleration and human performance.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4942009/
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The pattern of acceleration was recorded during horizontal saccadic eye movements using a light-weight accelerometer fixed to a scleral contact lens. Horizontal saccades of 15-20 degrees were dominated by either several pulses of acceleration, with a frequency of around 40 Hz. or a single acceleration-deceleration wave followed by lower amplitude polyphasic activity of about 80 Hz. These features are unlikely to be due to slippage or resonance in the contact lens-accelerometer system, as very similar patterns of acceleration were simultaneously recorded with an accelerometer taped over the closed eyelid of the contralateral eye. Analysis of simultaneous surface electromyogram recordings indicated that the multicomponent acceleration profiles were the product, at least in part of the rhythmic and synchronous modulation of eye muscle discharge during saccades.
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Eye movement responses were obtained from six normal subjects exposed to randomly ordered rightwards/leftwards linear acceleration steps of 0.05 g, 0.1 g or 0.24 g amplitude and 650 ms duration along the interaural axis. With the instruction to gaze passively into the darkness, compensatory nystagmus was evoked with slow-phase velocity sensitivity of 49 degrees s(-1) g(-1). When subjects viewed earth-fixed targets at 30 cm, 60 cm or 280 cm, eye movements at 130 ms from motion onset were proportional to acceleration and inversely proportional to target distance, before the onset of visually guided eye movements. Our results show that a modulation with viewing distances of the earliest human otolith-ocular reflexes occurs in the presence of pure linear acceleration. However, full compensation was not attained for the nearer targets and higher accelerations.