PubMed · 4902517
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S R Levitt, P H Crayton, E A Monroe, R A Condrate. 1969. Forming method for apatite prostheses.. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820030413
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Synthetic carbonatehydroxyapatite is the ceramic closest to the mineral component of human bone and seems, therefore, the optimum material to use in osseous implants. However, in vitro assays performed to determine its bioactivity have shown no positive results after 2 months of assay. With the aim of improving this bioactivity, a new biphasic material was synthesized composed mainly of synthetic carbonatehydroxyapatite and only 5% of a sol-gel bioactive glass. In vitro assays were assessed to determine the bioactive behavior of this new material and revealed that the addition of a minimal amount of bioactive glass is enough to induce bioactivity on synthetic carbonatehydroxyapatites.
Using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), thin calcium phosphate layers were deposited onto commercially pure cp-Ti substrates. ESD is a thin-film technique that enables the deposition of inorganic thin films onto metallic substrates using a simple and cheap experimental set-up. The results show that coating structure and morphology can be tailored by choosing the appropriate combination of deposition parameters. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that various surface morphologies, ranging from dense to very porous coatings, can be obtained. Particularly interesting was a unique reticular coating morphology characterized by a three-dimensionally interconnected pore network. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analyses showed that crystalline carbonate apatite coatings were formed after heat treatment of as-deposited ESD coatings.
Bioactive glasses react chemically with body fluids in a manner that is compatible with the repair processes of the tissues. This results in the formation of an interfacial bond between the glasses and living tissue. Bioactive glasses also stimulate bone-cell proliferation. This behavior is dependent on the chemical composition as well as the surface texture of the glasses. It has been recently reported that gel-derived monolith specimens in the binary SiO2 - CaO are bioactive over a similar molar range of SiO2 content as the previously studied ternary CaO-P2O5-SiO2 system. In this report, the preparation and bioactivity of the binary gel-glass powder with 70 mol % SiO2 is discussed and its bioactivity is compared with the melt-derived 45S5 (quaternary) Bioglass and sol-gel-derived 58S (ternary) bioactive gel-glass compositions. Dissolution kinetic parameters K(1) and K(2) were also computed based on the silicon release for all glass powders. It was shown that the simple two-component SiO2-CaO gel-glass powder is bioactive with comparable dissolution rates as the clinically used melt-derived 45S5 Bioglass powder and extensively studied sol-gel-derived 58S gel-glass powder.