PubMed · 4863938
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C M Weiss. 1967. Water pollution.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4863938/
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The proteins present in the thylakoid lumen of higher plant chloroplasts have not been rigorously examined. In this communication we present a simple and rapid procedure for the isolation of the soluble proteins and extrinsic membrane proteins present in the thylakoid lumen from spinach. Our procedure involves extensive washing of the thylakoid membranes followed by Triton X-114 phase partitioning. When analyzed by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), we obtain results which are very similar to those obtained by Kieselbach et al. using more classical methods [T. Kieselbach, A. Hagman, B. Andersson, W.P. Schroder, J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 6710-6716]. About 25 major proteins are observed upon Coomassie blue staining. Upon two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and either Coomassie blue or silver staining, however, numerous other protein components are resolved. Our findings indicate that the total number of proteins (soluble and extrinsic membrane) present in the lumen may exceed 150.
Current soil waste vent (SWV) system design guides aim to produce ventilated drainage networks for buildings which protect attached water trap seals from unwanted air pressure effects. Such effects may cause trap seal failure that are caused by airflow induction during discharge. The ventilation design guides are based on steady-state experiments utilising cold clean water as a test media. However, most 'grey' and 'black' water sources are dosed with detergent, and are often warm, which significantly alters the behaviour when compared to clean water. Thus, current design standards provide only approximations of SWV system response. Results indicate that induced airflows in warm detergent-dosed water can be significantly higher than those measured in clean water systems, by a factor of more than 2. This paper quantifies the effect of detergents in SWV systems in terms of observed air entrainment rates and previously published research on the factors that contribute to air entrainment. Results of previous work are cast into dimensionless groupings suitable for inclusion into a mathematical simulation model based on a finite difference scheme. It utilises the method of characteristics as a solution technique to simulate drainage system operation via the equations that define unsteady partially filled or full bore pipe flows and the boundary conditions represented by water traps and other common system components.
The hydrolysis of tripolyphosphate to orthophosphate is facilitated by suspensions of amorphous manganese dioxide. Pyrophosphate is observed as an intermediate. The rate enhancement decreases with increasing pH. The weak sorption of orthophosphate on the oxide also decreases with increasing pH, indicating that the orthophosphate product would be bioavailable. The presence of calcium ions in natural waters increases both the rate of hydrolysis of tripolyphosphate and the extent of sorption of orthophosphate. Under some circumstances this abiotic mechanism could play a significant role in the hydrolysis of tripolyphosphate in the aquatic environment.