PubMed · 4766616
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G Machata. 1973. [Toxicologic analysis: tests (IV)].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4766616/
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Recently, the abuse of prescription opiates as alternatives to heroin has become a national concern. The determination of a six-drug opiate panel, codeine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and oxycodone, in hair and oral fluid using solid-phase extraction and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is described. Oral fluid was obtained from the donor by insertion of absorptive collectors into the mouth. Hair was collected from the patient and powdered using stainless steel ball bearings in a mini bead-beater apparatus. Opiates present in the samples were extracted from a buffered, aqueous matrix using a solid-phase cartridge. The extracts were concentrated and the methoxime/BSTFA derivatives prepared in order to eliminate interference from the keto-opiates. The extracts were separated by GC-MS in electron impact mode. By utilizing methoxyamine, we were able to produce the methoxime derivatives required for single derivative production and chromatographically separate all six opiates. The routine analysis of these opiates in hair and oral fluid using GC-MS is described for the first time.
Urinary metabolic pattern after the therapeutic peroral dose of dihydrocodeine tartrate to six human volunteers has been explored. Using the GC-MS analytical method, we have found that the major part of the dose administered is eliminated via urine within the first 24 h. However, the analytical monitoring of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites in urine was still possible 72 h after the dose was administered. The dihydrocodeine equivalent amounts excreted in urine in 72 h ranged between 32 and 108% of the dose, on average 62% in all individuals. The major metabolite excreted into urine was a 6-conjugate of dihydrocodeine, then in a lesser amount a 6-conjugate of nordihydrocodeine (both conjugated to approximately 65%). The O-demethylated metabolite dihydromorphine was of a minor amount and was 3,6-conjugated in 85%. Traces of nordihydromorphine and hydrocodone were confirmed as other metabolites of dihydrocodeine in our study. This information can be useful in interpretation of toxicological findings in forensic practice.
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