PubMed · 4734154
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T P Sanders. 1973. Liver scanning.. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1973.11713349
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Asphalt is known to be a colloidal suspension in which asphaltenes are covered by a stabilizing phase of polar resins and form complex micelles that are dispersed in the oily maltenic phase. In order to enhance its mechanical properties (e.g., in road paving), asphalts are often loaded with polymeric materials, thereby obtaining blends that can have different physical or chemical structures, depending on the composition of the added polymer. Asphalts modified by the addition of reactive ethylene terpolymers were prepared and their dielectric and rheological properties were measured both before and after a cure at high temperature. Even if it is not possible to determine the exact nature of the chemical interactions between asphalt and polymer, master curves obtained from dynamic data clearly show that during the cure the material tends to the behavior of a cross-linked network.
Activation of lignin peroxidase (LIP) in an organic solvent by reversed micelles was investigated. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) was used as a surfactant to form a reversed micelle. Lyophilized LIP from an optimized aqueous solution exhibited no enzymatic activity in any organic solvents examined in this study; however, LIP was catalytically active by being entrapped in the AOT reversed micellar solution. LIP activity in the reversed micelle was enhanced by optimizing either the preparation or the operation conditions, such as water content and pH in water pools of the reversed micelle and the reaction temperature. Stable activity was obtained in isooctane because of the stability of the reversed micelle. The optimal pH was 5 in the reversed micellar system, which shifted from pH 3 in the aqueous solution. The degradation reaction of several environmental pollutants was attempted using LIP hosted in the AOT reversed micelle. Degradation achieved after a 1-h reaction reached 81%, 50%, and 22% for p-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, respectively. This is the first report on the utilization of LIP in organic media.
Monodisperse silica spheres with diameters of 220-1100 nm were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in an alcoholic medium in the presence of water and ammonia. By grafting vinyl or amino groups onto silica surfaces using the coupling agents allyltrimethoxysilane and aminopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively, amphiphilic silica spheres were obtained and could be organized to form a stable Langmuir film at the air-water interface. The controlled transfer of this monolayer of particles onto a solid substrate gave us the ability to build three-dimensional regular crystals with a well-defined thickness and organization. These colloidal crystals diffract light in the UV, the visible, and the near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions, depending on the size of the silica spheres and according to Bragg's law. The depth of the photonic stop band can be tuned by varying the number of deposited layers of particles. By using successive depositions, we could prepare multilayered films with silica spheres of different sizes. The thickness of each slab in the binary crystals can be tuned at the layer level, while the crystalline order of each layer is well preserved.