PubMed · 4714070
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K S Kochhar, K Davessar, S K Davessar. 1973. Benign mesenchymomas.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4714070/
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In cartilage collagen type XI exists as heterotrimeric molecules composed of alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI) and alpha 3(XI) subunits. Messenger RNAs for some of the alpha chains of collagen type XI have also been found in non-chondrogenic tissues but the chain composition of the molecule in these sites is not known. Some non-chondrogenic tissues also contain heterotrimers containing collagen alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(XI) chains. We have explored the possibility that collagen type XI could exist in differing trimeric forms in non-chondrogenic tissues and aimed to predict the subunit composition of this collagen in those tissues. The distribution and relative levels of expression of collagen alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI) and alpha 3(XI)/alpha 1(II) mRNAs in different human fetal tissues were studied. Expression of mRNAs for all three genes of collagen type XI is not restricted to cartilage but is widespread. However, in some non-chondrogenic tissues, the mRNAs for all three alpha chains of collagen type XI were not co-expressed, but collagen alpha 1(XI) and alpha 2(XI) mRNAs were found either singly or without collagen alpha 3(XI) transcripts. Collagen type XI may therefore exist as homotrimers and/or heterotrimers composed of two collagen alpha(XI) chains in some tissues. The distribution of mRNAs for collagen alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(I) were also studied. Co-expression of collagen type XI, alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(I) mRNAs was found for many tissues. These findings have implications for the possibility of additional chain associations for collagen types XI and V in cross-type heterotrimers within heterotypic fibrils.
We report on three cases of diastrophic dysplasia in second trimester fetuses and discuss the differential diagnosis and clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings. Manifestations of typical diastrophic dysplasia in infants and older patients include abnormal pinnae, scoliosis, and joint contractures; these were absent in the fetuses, in keeping with the tendency for the clinical and radiologic aspects of this disease to become more severe with age. The histopathologic characteristics of the cartilage appear to be similar in the fetus and older patient, and therefore may be useful in differentiating diastrophic dysplasia from other osteochondrodysplasias in the second trimester.
Projection of the nasal tip has gained increased recognition as a measurable and visual characteristic that has an impact on the results of aesthetic rhinoplasty. Autologous cartilage tip grafts have been used in many techniques to increase tip projection and contour the tip during rhinoplasty. This article introduces a graduated method of tip graft fixation correlated with specific clinical measurements related to tip projection. After careful analysis of tip projection and contour, a predictable graft fixation technique can be selected to obtain the desired degree of nasal tip projection and sculpting.