PubMed · 4535035
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C B Caldwell. 1974. "Almost parallel" blade implants.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4535035/
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The control of postural and synergistic jaw reflexes involves interrelated sensory input from receptors in the jaw muscles, temporomandibular joint, periodontal ligament, and mucosa. This investigation was done to determine whether a decrease in intraoral sensory afferent discharge significantly altered the onset of the jaw-unloading reflex. The subject population consisted of three groups with 10 subjects in each group. Group 1 had maxillary and mandibular natural teeth and group 2 consisted of edentulous subjects with complete dentures. Group 3 consisted of edentulous subjects with maxillary complete dentures and mandibular complete implant-supported prostheses. The unloading reflex was initiated with a muscle-unloading device and recorded with a storage oscilloscope. A one-way analysis of variance found no significant differences in the unloading-reflex latency for the masseter or temporal muscles among the three experimental groups (p less than 0.05).
The replacement of missing anatomic structures may become more demanding when the etiology is trauma. Patients with traumatic injuries will likely have increased forces placed upon their prostheses because of the altered support from the loss of normal anatomy. Successful treatment for these patients may include preprosthetic surgery using osseointegrated implants to augment prosthesis support and stability.
This article describes a new implant placement surgical guide that gives both implant location and trajectory to the surgeon. Radiopaque markers are placed on diagnostic dentures and a lateral cephalometric radiograph is made that shows the osseous anatomy at the symphysis and the anterior tooth location. The ideal implant location and trajectory data are transferred to a surgical stent that programs the angle and location of the fixtures at time of surgery. The stent has the additional benefit of acting as an occlusion rim, a mouth prop, and tongue retractor. Use of this stent has resulted in consistently programming the placement of implant fixtures that are prosthodontically ideal.