PubMed · 4534662
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F Crossay. [Continuing homeopathy].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4534662/
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Visualization of the three-dimensional distribution of the crystal defects of large single crystals of calcium fluoride has been demonstrated by white X-ray section topography using sheet-like X-rays (BL28B2 at SPring-8). An image of the three-dimensional distribution of the crystal defects was reconstructed by stacking section topographs, which expressed the images of cross sections of the sample. The section topographs were recorded using a CMOS flat-panel imager or a CCD detector combined with scintillator (Gd(2)O(2)S:Tb) and relay lens system. The section topographs were measured by repeating cycles of exposure and sample translation along the direction perpendicular to the top face of the sample. Using high-brilliance and high-energy white X-rays ( approximately 60 keV) efficiently, visualization of the three-dimensional structure of subgrains of a sample of up to 60 mm in diameter was achieved. Furthermore, the three-dimensional distribution of the glide plane in the crystal was visualized by reconstructing the linear contrast of the glide plane.
This work explores the effect of additives on the pouring temperature in a waterworks and industrial calcium fluoride sludge co-melting system. Two kinds of sludge were mixed in various ratios to find a mixing ratio at which the operating temperature for subsequent additive tests was relatively low. Various proportions of either sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or potassium carbonate (K2CO3) reagent were added to the mixed-sludge samples to elucidate the consequent changes in pouring temperature. The experimental results revealed that the pouring temperature was lowest when calcium fluoride was mixed with waterworks sludge in a ratio of 4:6 (w/w). Adding sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate reagent to the mixed-sludge samples further reduced the pouring temperature. Increasing the amount of sodium carbonate did not significantly reduce the pouring temperature beyond that observed when 2% was added, suggesting that 2% was the optimal additional percentage of sodium carbonate. In contrast, the pouring temperature was increased when over 2% potassium carbonate was added to the mixed-sludge samples, revealing that the optimal additional percentage of potassium carbonate was also 2%. These findings indicate that both sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate can be used as additives to increase the energy efficiency of the melting process, but sodium carbonate is more operationally convenient.
The responses of readings by the TL dosimetry system MR200 TL developed in-house and used at JSI and the TOLEDO TL system used at RBI are compared. Ten measurements at different doses ranging from 0.01 mSv to 5 Sv were carried out. A set of 36 dosemeters with three pellets of CaF2:Mn were irradiated in radiation fields of 137Cs and 60Co. Analysis of the measured results shows that at doses below 0.1 Sv, readers' outputs do not differ >5% from each other. At doses >1 Sv, the results obtained by the MR200 reader must be corrected with a known factor. Finally, the reproducibility of the results from the MR200 was tested.