PubMed · 4486422
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R Lassenius. 1972-12-11. [How do we react to stress?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4486422/
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All organisms face risks of unpredictable danger caused by harmful physical environments, pathogens, parasites or predators. Organisms may have several alternative ways of coping with such dangers. These differ in cost, effectiveness and activation time. We study the conditions under which it is optimal to use different alternatives for damage control. As an example we consider a microbe (such as E. coli), which may experience heat shocks that cause denaturation of proteins in the cell. To restore the denatured proteins the organism produces heat-shock proteins (HSP). There are two different pathways for production of HSP. Some HSP are produced immediately after a heat shock (feedforward control), but additional HSP may be produced thereafter, stimulated by the presence of denatured proteins (feedback control). Feedforward is based solely on heat-shock intensity without accurate information on the resulting amount of denatured proteins. We examine the optimal combination of the two pathways that minimizes the sum of the damage caused by the presence of untreated denatured proteins and the production cost of HSP. The optimal response depends on the time delay for feedback control, the effectiveness of HSP in processing denatured proteins, the production cost of HSP, the severity of damage by denatured proteins and the probability distribution of the abundance of denatured protein conditional on heat-shock intensity. We find that feedforward control should always be used. Additional HSP may be produced by feedback control when the abundance of denatured protein is large whilst no feedback control should be used when it is small. All the HSP are produced by feedforward control when the maximum is close to the mean of denatured protein abundance conditional on the heat-shock intensity.
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Psychoanalysis recruits the power of the spoken word to modify the subject's relationship with his or her own unconscious psychic processes. It helps the analysand to reclaim for his or her words the psychic integrity that was lost or never achieved due to the power of defensive dissociation and repression. The psychoanalytic dialogue and the working through mediated by it lead to the elaboration of self-narratives and interpretive understandings, which contribute to the transformation of the subject's self-experience. Such transformation is conditioned by earlier integration of experiences of satisfaction in the context of bodily dialogues and speech with primary objects.