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PubMed · 435441

Screening for refractive errors at age 1 year: a pilot study.

R M Ingram·M J Traynar·C Walker·J M Wilson
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Abstract

Cycloplegic refraction of 1-year-old children is technically possible and is acceptable to mothers as a method for screening children for visual defects. The range of refractions found in a sample of 186 1-year-old children is reported. Prediction of which children are significantly at risk for squint and/or amblyopia is possible on the basis of refractions at age 1 year according to the criteria selected for an 'abnormal' refraction. Bilateral hypermetropia and/or astigmatism or anisometropia at age 1 year was significantly (P less than 1 in 10 000) associated with a child eventually being found to have squint or amblyopia. Both the age of screening and criteria of abnormality will probably need modification. +2.50 or more D hypermetropia in any one meridian of either eye at age 1 year was even more significantly (P = 0.000 000 05%) associated with squint and/or amblyopia. The possibility that meridional hypermetropia could be the basic defect in squint and amblyopia is discussed.

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AmblyopiaChild, PreschoolFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfantMydriaticsRefraction, OcularRefractive ErrorsStrabismusJournal Article

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R M Ingram, M J Traynar, C Walker, J M Wilson. 1979. Screening for refractive errors at age 1 year: a pilot study.. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.63.4.243

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PubMed1979

Humans deprived of normal binocular vision have binocular interactions tuned to size and orientation.

A suprathreshold grating presented to one eye elevated the threshold for the discrimination of gratings similar in size and orientation presented to the fellow eye. The magnitude and stimulus specificity of these binocular interactions in human observers with normal bioncular vision were similar to those in observers deprived of normal binocular visual experience; however, the latter showed a failure of binocular summation at threshold or subthreshold contract levels. Whereas strabismus or amblyopia disrupted the normal excitatory interactions between the two eyes, cortical inhibitory binocular connections seem not to have been disrupted.

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