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PubMed · 4347479

Variations in complement levels during active and adoptive immunization.

N R Rose·M F Molotchnikoff
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AbsorptionAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntigen-Antibody ComplexAntigensAutoantigensBordetella pertussisComplement System ProteinsFemaleFreund's AdjuvantHemagglutination TestsHemolysisImmunizationImmunization, PassiveLymph NodesRatsRats, Inbred LewSerum Albumin, BovineThyroid GlandThyroiditisTissue ExtractsJournal Article

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N R Rose, M F Molotchnikoff. 1973. Variations in complement levels during active and adoptive immunization.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4347479/

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The stratum corneum of the skin serves as an effective barrier for maintenance of the internal milieu against the external environment. At the cell periphery of the stratum corneum is the cell envelope, a highly insoluble membranous structure composed of precursor proteins cross-linked by epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds. Transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1; keratinocyte TGase), a membrane-bound isozyme of the TGase family, has been proposed to catalyze this process of assembly. Deficient cross-linking of the cell envelope in some patients with the autosomal recessive skin disorder lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and several mutations of the TGase 1 gene that have been identified in families with LI suggest the importance of this gene in production of the cell envelope. In this study, we generated mice lacking the TGase 1 gene, and we report that they have erythrodermic skin with abnormal keratinization. In their stratum corneum, degradation of nuclei and keratohyalin F-granules was incomplete and cell envelope assembly was defective. The skin barrier function of TGase 1-null mice was markedly impaired, and these mice died within 4-5 h after birth. These results clearly demonstrate that the TGase 1 gene is essential to the development and maturation of the stratum corneum and to adaptation to the environment after birth. Thus, these TGase 1 knockout mice may be a useful model for severe cases of LI.

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PubMed1998

Initial stability of femoral neck osteosynthesis with absorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) and metallic screws: a comparative study on 21 cadavers.

The initial stability of femoral neck osteosynthesis provided by three self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) or three metallic cannulated screws was compared. A standard transverse subcapital osteotomy was created with a hand saw in 19 pairs of human cadaver femora. Two fixation methods were randomly used in each pair. Fixations were exposed to a progressive cyclic loading test to determine the deflection curves, the ultimate load-carrying capacity, and the total amount of load absorbed. One pair served as a pilot and two nonoperated pairs served as controls. The positioning of the three fixation screws, whether one screw proximally and two screws distally or vice versa, provided equal stability. Metallic fixation proved to be more stable than SR-PLLA fixation as the average maximum load-carrying capacity was 3400N for the metallic and 2600N for the SR-PLLA fixation. However, SR-PLLA screws showed sufficient fixation properties for considering clinical trials in Garden I-II femoral neck fractures in well cooperative patients.

Absorption↗
PubMed1998

Intramedullary fixation of distal femoral diaphyseal osteotomies with absorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide and metallic intramedullary rods assessed by plain radiographs, quantitative computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental study in rabbits.

Osteotomies of distal femoral diaphysis were fixed intramedullary with self-reinforced poly-L-lactide acid (SR-PLLA) rods in 19 and with metallic rods in 34 adult rabbits. The follow-up times were 8, 16, 24, and 48 weeks. Plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the bone changes at two different levels of the osteotomy region. There were no significant differences in cortical bone density compared to the intact in the SR-PLLA fixed femurs at the osteotomy site. In the metallic-fixed femurs, the density values were significantly lower as compared to the contralateral femurs. There was a significant reduction of the cortical bone density values in SR-PLLA fixed femurs compared to the intact control side outside the osteotomy area at 8 (p = 0.01), at 16 (p = 0.0001), and at 24 weeks (p = 0.0003). In the metallic-fixed femurs significant reductions at 8 weeks (p = 0.02), at 16 weeks (p = 0.01), at 24 weeks (p = 0.009), and at 48 weeks (p = 0.002) were found compared with the intact control. MRI depicted well the SR-PLLA cases allowing studies without removal of the implant. On the contrary, abundant disturbing metallic artifacts were detected during investigation of the metallic-fixed femurs. In conclusion, our results indicated that CT is useful to evaluate the quality of reduction and internal fixation. Furthermore, the constant presence of internal metallic fixation seems to eventually cause osteoporosis in the cortical region of the femur. However, this stress protection effect of intramedullary fixation on the femoral diaphysis seems to be avoided by using an absorbable SR-PLLA rod, thus resulting in a better quality of bone when the osteotomies are healed.

Absorption↗