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Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated TZ84- vs. HM175-based hepatitis A vaccines in pediatric populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ritabrata Kundu·Apurba Ghosh·Archana Toppo·Usha Rani H Patted
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Abstract

Individual studies indicate stronger and persistent long-term immunogenicity with TZ84-based than HM175-based hepatitis A vaccines. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared immunogenicity and safety of inactivated TZ84- and HM175-based hepatitis A vaccines in children and adolescents. Studies involving adults, immunocompromised populations, non-comparative designs, non-English publications, and studies with non-extractable outcomes were excluded. MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, other electronic databases, and grey literature were searched (September-October 2025). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, and meta-analyses were performed where appropriate. Seven publications arising from four randomized cohorts (total participants: 3,282) reporting seroconversion rates (SCRs), geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), long-term seroprotection, and adverse events (AEs) were identified. Pooled analyses demonstrated higher SCRs and GMCs with TZ84 than HM175-based vaccines following both one and two doses. SCRs at 1 month [odds ratio (OR): 3.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88-4.96] and GMCs at 7 months [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.18-1.58; p = .01] both favored TZ84-based vaccines. Long-term follow-up (up to 186 months/15.5 y) showed higher reported anti-HAV antibody concentrations for TZ84-based vaccines. The AEs were comparable between vaccine types (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76-1.20; p = .69). Evidence was limited by the small number of unique randomized cohorts, geographic concentration in China, heterogeneity across studies, and reliance on surrogate immunogenicity outcomes. Overall, available evidence suggests that TZ84-based hepatitis A vaccines (HAPIBEV™/HEALIVE®) are associated with higher reported antibody responses and greater reported antibody persistence than the HM175-based vaccine (HAVRIX®) in children and adolescents, with comparable safety profiles.Registration: PROSPERO CRD420251154480.

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HumansHepatitis A VaccinesChildHepatitis AVaccines, InactivatedImmunogenicity, VaccineAdolescentHepatitis A AntibodiesChild, PreschoolHAPIBEV™HAVRIX®HEALIVE®childrenimmunogenicitysafetyJournal ArticleSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis

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Ritabrata Kundu, Apurba Ghosh, Archana Toppo, Usha Rani H Patted. 2026-09-10. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated TZ84- vs. HM175-based hepatitis A vaccines in pediatric populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2722480

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Adolescent subjectChild subjectChild, Preschool subjectChildren subjectHAPIBEV™ subjectHAVRIX® subjectHEALIVE® subjectHepatitis A subjectHepatitis A Antibodies subjectHepatitis A Vaccines subjectHumans subjectImmunogenicity, Vaccine subjectJournal Article subjectJournal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis resourceMeta-Analysis subjectSystematic reviews study

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