PubMed · 4268813
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J P Razemon. 1973. [Lunarectomy].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4268813/
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BACKGROUND: Foot ulceration is thought to affect 15% of all people with diabetes at some time during their life. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of pressure relieving interventions in the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches of 19 databases, hand searching of journals, bibliographies and identification of unpublished work by written communication with recognised experts in the diabetic foot. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials evaluating pressure relieving interventions either in the prevention or the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. There was no restriction on articles/trials based on language or publication status. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extraction and assessment of study quality was undertaken by two reviewers independently. Each trial was analysed separately, no pooling of results was possible due to the difference in patients, comparisons and outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: Prevention 4 RCTs of pressure relieving interventions were identified. Interventions for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers indicated that in-shoe orthotics are of benefit. The relative merits of different in-shoe orthotics are unclear; cushioning and pressure redistribution appear of equal benefit. Other pressure relieving interventions such as running shoes have not been adequately evaluated and removable casts (Scotchcast or Hope) or foam inlays do not appear to have been evaluated at all in randomised controlled studies. Treatment 1 RCT of total contact casting indicated that it was effective in the treatment of diabetic ulcers although the evidence was limited. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Prevention There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of orthotic interventions over removal of callus. There is some evidence evaluating the relative effectiveness of two types orthotic devices. There is very limited evidence of the effectiveness of therapeutic shoes. Treatment There is very limited evidence of the effectiveness of total contact casts in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Overall there is a need to measure the effectiveness of the range of pressure relieving interventions for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers as there is a small amount of poor quality research in this area.
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Congenital talipes equinovarus is a common anomaly which can now be diagnosed prenatally on a routine ultrasound scan at 20 weeks of gestation. Prenatal counselling is increasingly offered to parents with affected fetuses, but it is difficult to counsel parents if there is a chance that the fetus may not have talipes. Our study correlates the prenatal ultrasound findings of 14 infants diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral talipes during their routine 20-week ultrasound scan with their clinical findings at birth and the treatment received. No feet diagnosed as talipes on the ultrasound scan were completely normal at birth and therefore there were no true false-positive results. One foot graded as normal at 20 weeks was found to have a mild grade-1 talipes at birth, but did not require treatment other than simple stretches. A total of 32% of feet required no treatment and so could be considered functional false-positive results on the scan. Serial casting was required by 13% of feet and surgical treatment by 55%. The severity of the talipes is difficult to establish before birth. A number of patients are likely to need surgical treatment, but a proportion will have talipes so mildly that no treatment will be required. In counselling parents at 20 weeks, orthopaedic surgeons need to know whether or not there is a small chance that the ultrasound diagnosis could be wrong and also that the talipes may be so mild that the foot will not require treatment.