Global gut microbiome atlas identifies epidemiologic-stage-specific signatures in inflammatory bowel disease.

Jinxia Zhai; Yingjie Li; Jiameng Liu; Xinyi Su; Runze Cui; Dianyu Zheng; Yuhan Sun; Jingsheng Yu; Cong Dai

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102974

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Global gut microbiome atlas identifies epidemiologic-stage-specific signatures in inflammatory bowel disease.

Jinxia Zhai·Yingjie Li·Jiameng Liu·Xinyi Su·Runze Cui·Dianyu Zheng·Yuhan Sun·Jingsheng Yu·Cong Dai

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Abstract

The global rise of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reflects environmental shifts, yet how these changes are embedded in the gut microbial ecology remains unclear. We construct a microbiome atlas comprising 245,627 profiles. By classifying countries into three epidemiologic stages, we establish a framework. As the IBD burden increases, the gut microbial alpha diversity declines, and community structures form distinct clusters. This transition is characterized by a gradient of core genera. Integrating six shotgun metagenomic cohorts, we identify the depletion of anabolic pathways in IBD patients. Strain-level analysis reveals that epidemiologic staging shapes genetic architecture within species, identifying an IBD-enriched subclade of Eisenbergiella associated with elevated fecal cholic acid. We develop a microbial inflammatory risk score (MIRS), based on 19 genera, that discriminates IBD from controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92). MIRS correlates with IBD prevalence. Our study provides an atlas linking epidemiology to microbiome ecology and strain evolution, offering a foundation for population-level surveillance and interventions in IBD.

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Humans Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Gastrointestinal Microbiome Female Metagenomics Phylogeny Male Feces Bacteria bacterial phylogenetics biomarkers global epidemiology gut microbiome inflammatory bowel disease Journal Article

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BibTeX RIS

Jinxia Zhai, Yingjie Li, Jiameng Liu, Xinyi Su, Runze Cui, Dianyu Zheng, Yuhan Sun, Jingsheng Yu, Cong Dai. 2026-08-10. Global gut microbiome atlas identifies epidemiologic-stage-specific signatures in inflammatory bowel disease.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102974

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