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Mapping and measuring addiction recovery: Recommended protocols through the PHENX toolkit.

John F Kelly·Sarah Zemore·Corrie L Vilsaint·Tamara Haegerich·Wayne Huggins·Cataia Ives·Christine Hill·Carol M Hamilton·Denise Vidot·Johannes Thrul·Ryan McNeil·Christian Hopfer·Amanda Bunting·Anne Buu
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Addiction "recovery" has served as a positive conceptual basis for major public health frameworks, communication strategies, and policies. With greater research interest and increasing explication of the recovery construct a multitude of measures have emerged, prompting a need to reach consensus on recommendations to enable better data harmonization and cross-study syntheses. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit (www.phenxtoolkit.org) is a freely accessible catalog of validated protocols designed to promote data comparability across clinical, epidemiological, and genomic research, yet contained no recovery-specific measures. METHOD: In 2024, a Substance Use and Recovery Working Group (SURWG) followed a well-established and detailed PhenX consensus process to identify and recommend protocols suitable for recovery research. Protocols were chosen based on criteria including recovery specificity, brevity, psychometrics, scoring simplicity, and non-proprietary access. The broader scientific community (12 national/regional organizations) provided feedback (respondent N = 86) on the SURWG's preliminary recommendation which was incorporated into final decisions. RESULTS: In 2025, the PhenX Toolkit released 15 new recommended protocols across three broad recovery elements: 1. Biopsychological (post-acute withdrawal; craving), 2. Socio-ecological (social relationships;social network characteristics; substance use goal; recovery identity; recovery capital), 3. Treatment and recovery services (Treatment and Recovery Services Use; Satisfaction; and Happiness in Recovery; Mutual-Help). CONCLUSIONS: This PhenX Toolkit SURWG process resulted in a new Substance Use Recovery Specialty Collection of recommended protocols with specific multidimensional applicability. As such, they provide the field with pre-vetted tools that researchers can employ with some confidence to enhance empirical efficiency and return on national research investment.

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HumansSubstance-Related DisordersBehavior, AddictiveJournal ArticleReview

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John F Kelly, Sarah Zemore, Corrie L Vilsaint, Tamara Haegerich, Wayne Huggins, Cataia Ives, Christine Hill, Carol M Hamilton, Denise Vidot, Johannes Thrul, Ryan McNeil, Christian Hopfer, Amanda Bunting, Anne Buu. 2026-07-17. Mapping and measuring addiction recovery: Recommended protocols through the PHENX toolkit.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113265

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