Search PubMed⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 42470859

Peripheral immune markers and choroid plexus volumes as predictors of change in depressive symptoms: Insights from the EMBARC study.

Emine Rabia Ayvaci·Bharathi S Gadad·Russell Toll·Harald Murck·Srividya Vasu·Cherise R Chin Fatt·Jane A Foster·Thomas J Carmody·Madhukar H Trivedi
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Changes in choroid plexus (ChP) volume and peripheral inflammation have been associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), yet their individual and combined impact on depressive symptoms is unclear. This study investigated whether baseline immune markers and ChP volumes predict changes in depressive symptoms during the 8-week treatment period among Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study participants who received either sertraline or placebo. Adults (n = 222) with MDD with peripheral blood samples were included. Circulating chemokines and cytokines were examined using a 40-plex assay. Depressive symptoms were assessed over 8 weeks using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimension reduction. Mixed-effects models were used to examine whether immune profiles and ChP volumes, and their interaction predicted HAMD-17, adjusting for demographic/clinical covariates and baseline depression severity. PCA identified three immune profiles. One profile, characterized by higher levels of cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, was associated with greater depression severity, higher BMI, age, and CRP at baseline. Higher levels of these immune markers were associated with less improvement in depressive symptoms at 8 weeks (estimate = 1.211, p = 0.018) in models adjusting for right and left ChP volume (right ChP model: estimate = 1.034, p = 0.005; left ChP model: estimate = 0.993, p = 0.007). Interactions between immune markers and ChP volumes were not significant. Future investigations are warranted to examine the relationships between immune markers and ChP volume beyond structural changes in the context of depression symptoms.

Explore related subjects

AdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedAntidepressive AgentsBiomarkersChemokinesChoroid PlexusCytokinesDepressionMajor Depressive DisorderSertralineMagnetic Resonance ImagingAntidepressant treatment responseChoroid Plexus volumeEMBARCImmune markersMajor depressionJournal ArticleMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Emine Rabia Ayvaci, Bharathi S Gadad, Russell Toll, Harald Murck, Srividya Vasu, Cherise R Chin Fatt, Jane A Foster, Thomas J Carmody, Madhukar H Trivedi. 2026-07-14. Peripheral immune markers and choroid plexus volumes as predictors of change in depressive symptoms: Insights from the EMBARC study.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.107973

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

Discover connections

Adult subjectAntidepressive Agents subjectBiomarkers subjectCytokines subjectDepression subjectFemale subjectHumans subjectJournal Article subjectJournal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial resourceMagnetic Resonance Imaging subjectMajor Depressive Disorder subjectMale subjectMiddle Aged subjectMulticenter Study subjectRandomized controlled trials study

Connections use source metadata and explicit phrase matches, not verified experimental comparisons.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2026

Eating Experiences During Cancer Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 with cancer face distinct challenges during treatment, with eating consistently emerging as one of the most distressing and underrecognized concerns. At a critical life stage, AYAs must navigate illness-related consequences that profoundly affect well-being. Eating reflects these broader challenges and is identified as a key issue requiring health care attention. To address this, we synthesized evidence on AYAs' eating experiences and well-being during mealtime-related activities to inform health care practice. Qualitative and mixed-method studies were identified through searches across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to May 2025, supplemented by snowball searches. Of 3214 records, 74 full-text articles were reviewed, and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These represented 302 AYAs, 73 relatives, and 88 health care professionals. Studies were analyzed using Joanna Briggs Institute review methods and GRADE-CERQual to support clinical interpretability. The meta-synthesis identified one core theme: "Eating as an embodied struggle and act of agency," with three subthemes: (a) living through physical and sensory disruption, (b) carrying the weight of new emotions and shifting relations, and (c) finding ways through gaps in support. Eating emerged as a disrupted, emotionally charged, yet agentic act requiring sensitive, individualized approaches. Thirteen evidence-informed recommendations were developed to guide clinical application. These emphasize early nutritional screening, dietetic support, flexible meal options, respectful family involvement, and psychosocially attuned care. Future research should codevelop and evaluate tailored interventions that address AYAs' embodied, emotional, and social needs to improve eating-related quality of life during cancer treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Ecological momentary assessment studies on food craving among healthy adults: A systematic review.

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) can capture the dynamic nature of food craving in free-living conditions, addressing limitations of laboratory and retrospective reporting methods. This systematic review synthesized findings from EMA studies to characterize 1) methodological features, 2) the temporal dynamics of food craving, and 3) the relationship between craving and eating behaviors. A systematic search of PubMed and PsycINFO databases was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The review included 23 studies that utilized EMA designs to assess food craving repeatedly in daily life among healthy adults. Most studies employed EMA protocols that prompted participants to respond at pre-specified time points and utilized single-item craving measures. Most craving measures (71%) lacked specificity regarding the type of food craved. Results revealed a consistent positive within-person association between hunger and food craving. Conversely, associations between stress/negative affect and craving were inconsistent, varying by individual traits and context. Momentary food craving appeared to predict subsequent eating outcomes. Evidence suggested food craving may be a dynamic, transient state that co-fluctuates with hunger, functioning as a proximal antecedent to food intake. However, reliance on non-specific food craving measures and EMA protocols prompting at fixed schedules limits the granular understanding of craving mechanisms. Future research requires refining food craving measurement and incorporating randomized prompting within predefined windows, or participant-initiated sampling triggered by specific events (e.g., eating occasion), to better characterize food craving dynamics in relation to eating behaviors.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Targeting depression before it starts: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive interventions in young adults from randomized controlled trials.

INTRODUCTION: Young adulthood is a high-risk period for major depressive disorder (MDD) onset yet is underrepresented in prevention research. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of psychosocial preventive interventions in adults aged 18-25&#xa0;years, focusing on symptom reduction, medium- and long-term effects, and MDD onset. METHODS: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024625481) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychosocial preventive interventions for depression in young adults (18-25) published up to April 15, 2025. Between-group symptom reduction was quantified using Hedges' g and pooled with random-effects models. Outcomes were analyzed at post-intervention, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Effects on MDD onset were assessed via risk ratio (RR). Risk of bias was assessed with the RoB-2 tool. RESULTS: We included 65 interventions from 58 RCTs (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;11,333; mean age 20.4; 61.6% female), with 92.8% rated high risk of bias. Interventions at post-test reduced depressive symptoms vs. controls (k&#xa0;=&#xa0;65; g&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.52; 95%CI:-0.70;-0.33; p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01), with significant heterogeneity (I2&#xa0;=&#xa0;93.0%). Indicated, guided, and face-to-face interventions outperformed universal, selective, self-guided, and online interventions. Effects on symptomatology were highly heterogeneous and non-significant at 6- (k&#xa0;=&#xa0;8) and 12-month (k&#xa0;=&#xa0;4) follow-up. Four RCTs were identified evaluating MDD onset risk; pooled effects suggested a reduction in MDD onset (RR&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.77; 95%CI:0.61;0.97; p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01) though risk of bias was high and samples were highly selective. INTERPRETATION: Psychosocial preventive interventions modestly reduce depressive symptoms at post-test and may lower onset risk in highly selective populations. However, findings remain limited by high risk of bias, scarce data on the long-term sustainability of effects, and unclear mechanisms.

Adolescent↗