Beyond survival: Testicular tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation during childhood cancer, experiences from a single center.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 30% of all male childhood cancer survivors receive gonadotoxic therapy increasing their risk for infertility. The only current option for potential fertility preservation in prepubertal males is through testicular tissue cryopreservation (TTC), available through clinical trials. Our aim was to evaluate our experience and identify barriers to enrollment in the TTC study. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to describe a single center experience with TTC, including an assessment of factors impacting the decision to enroll or not enroll in the TTC trial. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients were found to be eligible for enrollment in the TTC trial, with 23 patients (34%) choosing to enroll and undergo testicular tissue cryopreservation including 19 (83%) oncology patients. In patients who underwent TTC there were no unexpected delays in starting disease directed therapy. For families that declined enrollment, many did not see fertility preservation as a priority at the time of counseling. (n = 17, 44%). Other barriers included concerns about post-operative complications and a feeling of being overwhelmed at the time of counseling. DISCUSSION: Despite being the only preservation option for pre-pubertal boys facing risk of infertility, TTC enrollment was not pursued by a majority of eligible patients and families. Identifying potential barriers or misconceptions, particularly in regard to post operative complication risks, offer opportunities for improved counseling and education. Early introduction of the Fertility Navigation team allows for procedural coordination success and access for patients that are interested. Success is not measured in how many patients proceed with TTC, rather that all patients have the opportunity for counseling and discussion. CONCLUSION: TTC can be offered and completed safely without delays in disease-directed treatment timelines. A Fertility Navigation Program allows for equal opportunity for education and enrollment on TTC protocol which should be the goal for pediatric institutions, though is not pursued by many patients. A majority of those who declined the study did not see fertility as a priority at the time of treatment while others were concerned regarding peri-operative risks.