PubMed · 4220643
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C J Stevenson. 1965. Antimony spots.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4220643/
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Spectroscopic and electrothermal conditions for the determination of antimony in seawater using a transversely heated graphite furnace with Zeeman-effect background correction have been optimized with the use of an a priori calculation of the detection limit. The lowest limit of detection was obtained with a 2 nm spectral curvatures bandwidth and the use of an electrodeless discharge lamp; however, these experimental conditions resulted in strong premature curvature of calibration curves. Pd(NO(3))(2) can be recommended as a chemical modifier because seawater interference effects are minimized and pretreatment curves up to 1500 degrees C can be used permitting the removal of the major part of the saline matrix before atomization. Under optimized spectroscopic and electrothermal conditions the obtained limit of detection of Sb in seawater was about 0.4 microg L(-1).
A new method is developed for the direct determination of trace and ultra-trace level of arsenic and antimony in waters by hydride generation derivative atomic absorption spectrometry (DHGAAS). The signal model and fundamentals of DHGAAS are described. The effects of atomization temperature, argon flow rate, acidity and concentration of KBH(4)and KI were investigated and analytical conditions were optimized. The sensitivities for arsenic and antimony were increased 36.4 and 27.6 times better than those of conventional hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). For a 2 mV min(-1) sensitivity range setting, the characteristic concentration was 0.003 microg L(-1) for arsenic and 0.004 microg L(-1)for antimony, and the detection limits (3sigma) were 0.015 micro g L(-1) for arsenic and 0.020 microg L(-1) for antimony. The proposed method was applied to the determination of arsenic and antimony in several water samples with satisfactory results.
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASAs) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) have teamed up to explore the use of NASA developed technologies to help criminal justice agencies and professionals solve crimes. The objective of the program is to produce instruments and communication networks that have application within both NASA's space program and NIJ programs with state and local forensic laboratories. A working group of NASA scientists and law enforcement professionals has been established to develop and implement a feasibility demonstration program. Specifically, the group has focused its efforts on identifying gunpowder and primer residue, blood, and semen at crime scenes. Non-destructive elemental composition identification methods are carried out using portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) systems. These systems are similar to those being developed for planetary exploration programs. A breadboard model of a portable XRF system has been constructed for these tests using room temperature silicon and cadmium-zinc telluride (CZT) detectors. Preliminary tests have been completed with gunshot residue (GSR), blood-spatter and semen samples. Many of the element composition lines have been identified. Studies to determine the minimum detectable limits needed for the analyses of GSR, blood and semen in the crime scene environment have been initiated and preliminary results obtained. Furthermore, a database made up of the inorganic composition of GSR is being developed. Using data obtained from the open literature of the elemental composition of barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb) in handswipes of GSR, we believe that there may be a unique GSR signature based on the Sb to Ba ratio.