PubMed · 4219624
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C R Woese, M A Bleyman. 1972. Genetic code limit organisms--do they exist?. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01660241
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The evidence is presented that the ADP- and Mg(2+)-dependent inactivation of MF1-ATPase during MgATP hydrolysis requires binding of ATP at two binding sites: one is catalytic and the second is noncatalytic. Binding of the noncatalytic ATP increases the rate of the inactive complex formation in the course of ATP hydrolysis. The rate of the enzyme inactivation during ATP hydrolysis depends on the medium Mg2+ concentration. High Mg2+ inhibits the steady-state activity of MF1-ATPase by increasing the rate of formation of inactive enzyme-ADP-Mg2+ complex, thereby shifting the equilibrium between active and inactive enzyme forms. The Mg2+ needed for MF1-ATPase inactivation binds from the medium independent from the MgATP binding at either catalytic or noncatalytic sites. The inhibitory ADP molecule arises at the MF1-ATPase catalytic site as a result of MgATP hydrolysis. Exposure of the native MF1-ATPase with bound ADP at a catalytic site to 1 mM Mg2+ prior to assay inactivates the enzymes with kinact 24 min-1. The maximal inactivation rate during ATP hydrolysis at saturating MgATP and Mg2+ does not exceed 10 min-1. The results show that the rate-limiting step of the MF1-ATPase inactivation during ATP hydrolysis with excess Mg2+ precedes binding of Mg2+ and likely is the rate of formation of enzyme with ADP bound at the catalytic site without bound P(i). This complex binds Mg2+ resulting in inactive MF1-ATPase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
To facilitate folding and assembly of different proteins, chaperonin GroEL requires the presence of its helper protein GroES. Using a photochemical cross-linking approach, we show that GroES and newly synthesized pre-beta-lactamase (pre-beta lac) contact with each other only within the ternary complex with GroEL. Possibly owing to this contact GroES is able to directly influence the pre-beta lac/GroEL interaction. Furthermore, the cross-linking of pre-beta lac to GroES suggests that the binding of the protein ligands to GroEL occurs near the GroES binding site, known to be in the central hole space of GroEL.
Many enzymes in pathways such as glycolysis associate reversibly with cellular substructures. The spatiotemporal behavior of a "limit-cycle" oscillation model is studied under the condition that the "ambiquitous" oscillophor, phosphofructokinase, is partitioned between "bulk-phase" and "bound" forms in a heterogeneous system. Computer simulation demonstrates the occurrence of sustained, wave-like spatiotemporal patterns of chemical concentration in the bulk medium. Kinetic dissimilarity among the localized populations of bound enzyme leads to a "polarity" effect in the wave phenomenon. It is suggested that a key physiological role of the limit-cycle regime is to engender a rapid, site-to-site, signal-transmission modality in large eukaryotic (e.g., mammalian) cells.