The transcription factor NO TRANSMITTING TRACT/WIP2 modulates cytokinin homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Abstract

The transcription factor WIP2/NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (WIP2/NTT) belongs to the WIP zinc finger family. Loss of WIP/NTT function in Arabidopsis thaliana causes alterations in specific tissues in the gynoecium. It also impairs root development, but only when combined with the loss of WIP4 and WIP5 function, due to redundancy. Certain mutant loss-of-function phenotypes can be recovered by cytokinin application, NTT interacts with cytokinin signaling components, and the phenotypes displayed by plants with increased WIP2/NTT expression also suggest a possible interaction with this pathway. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between WIP2/NTT and the cytokinin pathway. To overcome the issue of genetic redundancy, we used a commonly used inducible system. We found that WIP2/NTT induction alters cytokinin levels and signaling in a tissue-specific manner, as shown by cytokinin content measurements and TCSn::GFP reporter analysis. Transcriptome analyses revealed candidate target genes related to the cytokinin pathway. Yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays demonstrated direct NTT binding to regulatory regions of the cytokinin genes ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE 5 (IPT5), ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 (AHP6), and CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 7 (CKX7) involved in cytokinin biosynthesis, signaling, and degradation, respectively. Moreover, immunolocalization assays revealed that cytokinin distribution was altered in loss of function mutants and after NTT induction. The results of this work indicate that WIP2/NTT modulates cytokinin homeostasis.