PubMed · 3960179
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B G Blijenberg, T L Liem, B Leijnse. 1986-02-22. [Kidney stone analysis].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3960179/
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Plants form calcium oxalate crystals with unique morphologies under well-controlled conditions. We studied the morphology of single calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) crystals extracted from tomato and tobacco leaves. These crystals have a pseudotetrahedral shape. We identified the (101), (101) or (102), (110), and (hk0) faces as stable faces. The morphology is chiral with unique handedness. We also show that calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals isolated from tomato, tobacco, and bougainvillea leaves contain macromolecules rich in Gly, Glx, and Ser. Crystal-associated macromolecules extracted from tomato and tobacco influence the morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals grown in vitro, promoting preferential development of the [120] faces. Furthermore, crystal-associated macromolecules from tobacco promote nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, whereas model polypeptides do not have any significant effect on nucleation. These results imply an active role of the crystal-associated macromolecules in the formation of pseudotetrahedral shapes in vitro, and these properties may in part be responsible for the unique chiral morphology of the natural pyramidal-shaped crystals.
Soxhlet extracts of seeds of Dolichos biflorus and rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata were tested for their in vitro antilithiatic/anticalcification activity by the homogeneous precipitation method. The extracts were compared with an aqueous extract of cystone (a marketed preparation) for their activities. Also a combination of the extracts of the two plants was tested. Extracts of Dolichus biflorus showed activity almost equivalent to cystone while Bergenia ligulata showed less activity and the combination was not as active as the individual extracts.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the role of metabolic risk factors in the development of renal calculi associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children. METHODS: A metabolic evaluation, including serum biochemistry and measurement of daily urinary calcium, creatinine, oxalate, citrate, magnesium, urate, and inorganic phosphorus, was carried out in three different populations as follows: UPJO group, 12 children with UPJO and coexisting nephrolithiasis (median age 6 years); calcium stone formation (CSF) group, 90 children with normal urologic anatomy and calcium urolithiasis (median age 7 years); control group, 24 healthy children (median age 7.3 years). The investigation data of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: The stone composition was calcium oxalate in 9 of the 12 children with UPJO. The investigation data of the UPJO group and CSF group were not significantly different. Both groups differed from the control group in a similar manner. The UPJO and CSF groups excreted more oxalate (P = 0.067 and 0.014, respectively) and less citrate (P = 0.020 and 0.010, respectively) than did the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal urinary biochemistry seems to have an additional role in the high incidence of nephrolithiasis in children with upper tract anatomic anomalies, and the urinary biochemistry should be screened in such children.