PubMed · 3852441
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F Geysen, A Peutillot. 1985. [Vivalan].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3852441/
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OBJECTIVE: Review the existing literature on the incidence, neurobiological and psychosocial correlates, and methods of assessment and treatment of depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI). DATA SOURCES: Computerized database searches of the English-language literature from Index Medicus, Psychological Abstracts, Excerpta Medica, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature. STUDY SELECTION: Given the relatively small number of publications specifically related to TBI and depression, all studies appearing in the peer-reviewed literature were included in the review. In addition, studies examining depression and other neurologic diseases (eg, stroke) were also reviewed as to the potential applicability of the theoretical model or methodology used. CONCLUSIONS: Depression occurs with sufficient frequency to be considered a significant consequence after TBI. Depression can impede the achievement of optimal functional outcome, whether in the acute or chronic stages of recovery. It appears that a combination of neuroanatomic, neurochemical, and psychosocial factors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of depression. Its treatment is typically psychopharmacologic, with best results obtained from nontricyclic antidepressants. These results have not been confirmed in double-blind clinical trials, however. Future research should use comprehensive, integrative models of depression that include demographic, biologic, and psychosocial factors; enhanced functional neuroimaging techniques; controlled studies of psychopharmacologic and other interventions; and prospective designs with long-term follow-up.
Indeloxazine hydrochloride (IDX), a cerebral activator, has a bitter astringent taste. To prepare powders of IDX without this bitter taste, microparticles (median diameter, 130 microns) of IDX were coated with a mixture comprising hydrogenated oil and surfactants in a fluidized bed using the side-spray method. Drug release from the resulting coated particles was significantly delayed. Dissolution rate was remarkably enhanced, however, by heat-treating the coated particles at a temperature above the melting point of the surfactant in the coated layer. The results of differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that part of the surfactant in the coated layer exists separately. Further, surface changes in the coated layer before and after heat treatment showed that this enhancement of dissolution rate was due to rediffusion of the surfactant in the coated layer followed by melting of the surfactant. This effect allows the design of powders of IDX which release the drug quickly and with bioequivalence to the commercial IDX 20 mg tablets while sufficiently suppressing the bitter taste.
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