PubMed · 3844753
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P Slack. Why nurses are missing out.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3844753/
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether income differences associated with gender exist for therapists in management positions and whether such differences also exist for salaried and self-employed individuals after adjusting for differences due to hours worked, years worked full-time, leave taken from the profession, number of years at a facility, and number of years in a position. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 969 physical therapists who held management positions throughout the United States. METHODS: Subjects responded to a survey designed for male and female administrators. Respondents were assigned to groups of salaried therapists or self-employed therapists, t tests were used to compare characteristics based on gender, and analysis of covariance was used to compare income based on gender after controlling for certain variables. RESULTS: After adjusting for the set of five covariates, the data showed that self-employed female therapists earned 77% of the average salary earned by the self-employed male therapists. A similar analysis revealed that the salaried female managers earned 89% of the average salary earned by male managers. Within the five practice subgroups of salaried managers, salary differences existed only for those therapists working in acute care settings. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: For the physical therapist managers who responded to the survey, there were gender-based salary differences. Regardless of whether the therapists were salaried or self-employed, salary differences existed for some areas of practice but did not appear to exist in other areas of practice.
OBJECTIVES: To determine attitudes of veterinarians, animal control directors, and country prosecutors in Michigan toward enforcement of state animal cruelty legislation and to identify factors associated with whether veterinarians would report suspected cases of animal cruelty. DESIGN: Survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Questionnaires were sent to 1,146 Michigan Veterinary Medical Association member veterinarians, 139 animal control directors, and 83 county prosecutors in Michigan. RESULTS: 740 (65%) veterinarians, 70 (50%) animal control directors, and 43 (52%) prosecutors responded. Six hundred forty six of 735 (88%) veterinarians reported having treated an animal that they believed had been a victim of animal cruelty, but only 192 of 719 (27%) had ever reported a case of animal cruelty, and only 217 of 734 (30%) had ever testified in an animal cruelty case. Logistic regression analysis of responses revealed that the only factor associated with whether veterinarians would report cases of suspected animal cruelty was the potential reactions of the involved clients to the accusation of animal cruelty. Veterinarians who rated reaction of the involved client as important, very important, or essential to their decision whether to report a case of animal cruelty were less likely to report such cases than were veterinarians who rated potential client reaction as somewhat important or unimportant. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Concern about potential client reaction was the most important factor in whether veterinarians would report cases of suspected animal cruelty.