PubMed · 3792608
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B Auty. 1986. The DHSS evaluation programme for infusion control instruments.. https://doi.org/10.1243/emed_jour_1986_015_049_02
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In an era where scientifically derived 'evidence' is used as a basis for nursing practice, it is imperative that nurses have a breadth of knowledge relative to the fundamentals of nursing science; knowledge of the current standards of nursing and medical practice; and knowledge of the characteristics, needs, concerns, and challenges of diverse consumer and patient population groups. Yet, while a significant body of 'evidence' that describes the experiences and needs of African American women across the breast care continuum has been generated, research suggests that there is a need to expand and strengthen this body of science. This report presents an overview of a decade of research focused on breast cancer among African American women and describes an initiative funded by the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation to expand and strengthen nursing science that aims to reduce and/or eliminate excess breast cancer morbidity and mortality among African American women. Cancer 2007. (c) 2006 American Cancer Society.
Resource scarcity is the raison d'être for the discipline of economics. Thus, the primary purpose of economic analysis is to help decision-makers when addressing problems arising due to the scarcity problem. The research reported here was concerned with how cost-effectiveness information is used by the National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence (NICE) in national technology coverage decisions in the UK, and how its impact might be increased. The research followed a qualitative case study methodology with semi-structured interviews, supported by observation and analysis of secondary sources. Our research highlights that the technology appraisal function of NICE represents an important progression for the UK health economics community: new cost-effectiveness work is commissioned for each technology and that work directly informs national health policy. However, accountability in policy decisions necessitates that the information upon which decisions are based (including cost-effectiveness analysis, CEA) is accessible. This was found to be a serious problem and represents one of the main ongoing challenges. Other issues highlighted include perceived weaknesses in analysis methods and the poor alignment between the health maximisation objectives assumed in economic analyses and the range of other objectives facing decision-makers in reality.
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