PubMed · 3646629
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S Wilkinson. Hidden loss.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3646629/
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The objective of this study was to determine the toxic effects of butyltin trichloride (BTCl) during early pregnancy. Following successful mating, female rats were given BTCl by gastric intubation at 0,56,226, or 903 mg/kg on days 0-3 or 4-7 of pregnancy. Female rats were sacrificed on day 20 of pregnancy and fetuses were examined for number, abnormality, mortality, and weight. The maternal body weight gain and food consumption during the administration period was significantly decreased after administration of BTCl at 903 mg/kg on days 0-3 or 4-7 of pregnancy. The pregnancy rate in the BTCl-treated groups was comparable to the control value, regardless of the days on which BTCl was given. The incidence of pre-implantation embryonic loss was not significantly affected after administration of BTCl on days 0-3 or 4-7. In females having implantations, the numbers of corpora lutea, implantations, and live fetuses and the incidences of pre- and postimplantation loss in the groups given BTCl on days 0-3 were comparable to the controls. Although a significant increase in the incidence of postimplantation loss was observed after administration of BTCl on days 4-7 at 56 mg/kg, this change was small and inconsistent across doses and seems unlikely to be toxicologically significant. A significant decrease in weight of female fetuses was found after administration of BTCl at 903 mg/kg on days 0-3 or 4-7. It could be concluded that BTCl treatment during early pregnancy is maternal and developmental toxic at 903 mg/kg.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of occupational physical activities on the outcome of pregnancy. METHODS: A case control study included two groups; the first one included 562 patients with spontaneous abortion as a case group, while the second one included 1200 ladies with full term deliveries as a matched control group. Occupational physical activity has been evaluated through the energy expenditure (fatigue score and intensity score) and the biomechanic load (abdominal pressure intensity score, relative chronic pressure and peak pressure scores) in both groups. RESULTS: The group of spontaneous abortion had a significant higher intensity score, fatigue score, unfavourable working hours and high working speed than the group of favourable pregnancy outcome. The study showed a significantly higher biomechanic load among the group of spontaneous abortion represented by higher peak pressure score, chronic pressure score, lifting and bending activities. The group of spontaneous abortion had a significant (P<0.05) higher housekeeping working hours per day than that of the control group. Also they had a significant larger family size and had a significant lower helping in housekeeping activities than the group of favourable outcome. CONCLUSION: Excessive occupational physical activity has a definite detrimental effect on the outcome of pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the foetal outcome after transvaginal cervicoisthmic cerclage, to determine whether it is a valid alternative to the reference transabdominal technique. STUDY DESIGN: Description of the vaginal operative technique, retrospective review of 20 cervicoisthmic cerclage patients from 1990 to 2000. RESULTS: In the curative group of women with a history of late pregnancy losses or premature deliveries and usually previous failed classical cervical cerclage, the foetal survival rate improved from 18% before cerclage to 79% after cerclage. No operative complications were reported. In the prophylactic group, typically characterised by the absence of the cervix as a consequence of surgery for invasive cervical cancers, the foetal survival rate was 83% after cerclage. CONCLUSIONS: The transvaginal cervicoisthmic cerclage allows a high foetal survival rate without complications in highly selected patients with poor obstetrical history. Because of its simplicity, this technique should replace the transabdominal route for surgeons experienced in vaginal surgery.