PubMed · 362871
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F Macritchie. 1978. Proteins at interfaces.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60577-x
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The contamination of water resources by uranyl (UO22+) ions poses significant environmental and health risks, requiring the development of efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. Adsorption-based techniques have emerged as promising approaches in the field of UO22+ removal, but the design of cost-effective, high-capacity, and environmentally friendly adsorbents remains challenging. In this study, a three-dimensional porous nano-hydroxyapatite@gelatin (nHAP@Ge) composite was synthesized through glutaraldehyde cross-linking, combining the structural stability of Ge with the high uranium affinity of nHAP. The optimized nHAP@Ge, with a nHAP:Ge mass ratio of 1:0.5, exhibited exceptional UO22+ removal efficiency (97 %), along with high adsorption capacity (364.03 mg/g). Systematic characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods revealed that the porous structure and surface functional groups (-OH, Ca2+, and PO43-) of the material synergistically contributed to binding UO22+ species. Furthermore, the incorporation of nHAP into the Ge framework resulted in enhanced thermal stability while significantly improving the UO22+ adsorption performance. This work presents a scalable, eco-friendly, and recyclable strategy for the effective treatment of uranium-contaminated water, with potential applications in nuclear wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
Equilibrium and kinetic models for nonspecific adsorption of proteins to planar surfaces are presented. These models allow for the possibility of multiple interconvertible surface conformations of adsorbed protein. Steric repulsion resulting in area exclusion by adsorbed molecules is taken into account by treating the adsorbate as a thermodynamically nonideal two-dimensional fluid. In the equilibrium model, the possibility of attractive interactions between adsorbed molecules is taken into account in a limited fashion by permitting one of the adsorbed species to self-associate. Calculated equilibrium adsorption isotherms exhibit apparent high-affinity and low-affinity binding regions, corresponding respectively to adsorption of ligand at low fractional area occupancy in an energetically favorable side-on conformation and conversion at higher fractional area occupancy of the side-on conformation to an entropically favored end-on conformation. Adsorbate self-association may lead to considerable steepening of the adsorption isotherm, compensating to a variable extent for the broadening effect of steric repulsion. Kinetic calculations suggest that in the absence of attractive interactions between adsorbate molecules, the process of adsorption may be highly "stretched" along the time axis, rendering the attainment of adsorption equilibrium in the context of conventional experiments problematic.
The aim of this in situ investigation was to study the effect of an amine fluoride/sodium fluoride mouthrinse (total F = 250 ppm) in addition to an amine fluoride dentifrice (F = 1,250 ppm) on the amount of acquired fluoride in enamel and dentine. In the partial prosthesis of 12 participants a combined specimen of slightly demineralized enamel and dentine was placed. During two consecutive experiments, each lasting 3 weeks, the participants used an amine fluoride dentifrice alone or in combination with a fluoride mouthrinse. After the in situ period the specimens were retrieved and both the enamel and the dentine specimens were analysed for the amount of KOH-soluble fluoride and structurally bound fluoride. The results showed a significant increase in both KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride in enamel and dentine when a fluoride mouthrinse was used. Whether the rinsing procedure was performed immediately after toothbrushing or with a delay of 2 h did not influence the results. Furthermore it was shown that dentine acquired substantially more fluoride than enamel during the experimental period. The results indicate that a fluoride mouthrinse used in addition to a fluoride dentifrice may have a beneficial effect on the protection of enamel and dentine against caries.