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PubMed · 3624758

Benign essential blepharospasm.

V Malinovsky
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Abstract

A 57-year-old female had vague visual complaints of pressure behind her right eye during an ocular examination. One month later the patient was visually impaired due to uncontrollable spasms of both eyelids. A diagnosis of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) was made, and the patient was eventually treated with botulinum toxin to temporarily relieve her symptoms. I have reviewed and summarized the literature relating to the characteristics and management of this often misdiagnosed and misunderstood ocular muscular condition.

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BlepharospasmBotulinum ToxinsEyelid DiseasesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedVision DisordersCase ReportsJournal Article

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BibTeXRIS

V Malinovsky. 1987. Benign essential blepharospasm.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3624758/

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Increased patient comfort utilizing botulinum toxin type a reconstituted with preserved versus nonpreserved saline.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that injection of botulinum toxin type A is less painful when mixed with preserved saline compared with the suggested preservative-free saline reconstitution. METHODS: Two different injections were compared on 20 patients who had prior botulinum toxin type A treatments. Each side was injected with toxin reconstituted with either preserved or nonpreserved (0.9%) saline. The investigators and patients were blinded, and outcome was assessed with a verbal scale. Clinical outcome was subjectively and informally assessed by patient questioning and physician observation. RESULTS: Injection of botulinum toxin type A was noted to be less painful with the use of the preserved compared with the nonpreserved preparation (P<0.0001). The preserved reconstitution appeared to have no effect on clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of botulinum toxin reconstituted with preserved saline is less painful than nonpreserved saline preparations.

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PubMed2004

Primary blepharospasm: diagnosis and management.

Primary blepharospasm is an adult-onset focal dystonia characterised by involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Patients may have various types of movements arising from the different parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle. These include typical blepharospasm associated with Charcot's sign, pretarsal blepharospasm and flickering of the eyelids. Primary blepharospasm may be associated with so-called apraxia of eyelid opening as well as dystonia in the lower face, jaw or cervical muscles. Unless there are clinical clues to a symptomatic cause, adults presenting with blepharospasm do not require extensive aetiological investigation because the condition is rarely due to an identifiable condition. As the aetiology of primary blepharospasm is largely unknown, therapeutic approaches are symptomatic, with type A botulinum toxin being the treatment of choice.

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