PubMed · 3603042
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J L Marx. 1987-08-07. Oncogene action probed.. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3603042
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c-myc, N-myc and L-myc are the three members of the myc oncoprotein family whose role in the pathogenesis of many human neoplastic diseases has received wide empirical support. In this review, we first summarize data, derived mainly from non-clinical studies, indicating that these oncoproteins actually serve quite different roles in vivo. This concept necessarily lies at the heart of the basis for the observation that the deregulated expression of each MYC gene is reproducibly associated with only certain naturally occurring malignancies in humans and that these genes are not interchangeable with respect to their aberrant functional consequences. We also review evidence implicating each of the above MYC genes in specific neoplastic diseases and have attempted to identify unresolved questions which deserve further basic or clinical investigation. We have made every attempt to review those diseases for which significant and confirmatory evidence, based on studies with primary tumor material, exists to implicate MYC members in their causation and/or progression.
The presence of ectopic endometrial tissue defines endometriosis. External endometriosis, the real one, can be observed everywhere in the woman body and in genitourinary tract in man. Macroscopic and histologic features depend on their duration, on their location and the period of the menstrual cycle. All the changes of eutopic endometrium can be exhibited by endometriotic foci: response to hormonal stimuli, decidualization, malignant transformation (neoplasm arising from endometriosis).... The revised American Fertility Society classification, most frequently used, establishes scores assigned to ovarian and peritoneal lesions. Adenomyosis or internal endometriosis involves the myometrium. This peculiar entity represents a diverticulosis of the endometrium into myometrium with smooth muscle hyperplasia.
Recent advances in molecular biology have improved our understanding of basic pathophysiological mechanisms, and indicated possible strategies for their manipulation. The use of oligonucleotides occupies a prominent position among the emerging strategies, and has given rise to a new generation of pharmaceutical preparations now entering clinical usage. Antisense oligonucleotides are capable of blocking the expression of specific genes, thus permitting highly precise intervention in pathophysiology at the molecular level. Several clinical trials have recently produced highly promising results. The most likely applications of antisense agents are viral infections, malignancies, and chronic inflammatory disease. The article consists in a presentation of the antisense principle, discussion of its advantages and limitations, and a review of recent clinical developments and future prospects.