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PubMed · 339015

[External appearance and reconstructive surgery].

H Gelbke
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Abstract

An attempt is made to interpret the significance of plastic and reconstructive surgery in terms of the historical evolution of German medicine. Difficulties with other operative specialties are mentioned as well as general viewpoints of financial medical problems in our country.

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Congenital AbnormalitiesGermany, WestHistory, 20th CenturyHumansProstheses and ImplantsSurgery, PlasticWounds and InjuriesEnglish AbstractHistorical ArticleJournal Article

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H Gelbke. 1977. [External appearance and reconstructive surgery].. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01305458

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Risk of birth defects in a population exposed to environmental lead pollution.

To investigate the relation between environmental lead and risk of birth defects in humans, we examined the prevalence at birth of congenital anomalies in an industrial area of northern Italy heavily polluted with lead. Through a population-based registry of birth defects, we identified anomalies diagnosed during three consecutive periods characterized by decreasing environmental lead exposure, 1982-1986, 1987-1990 and 1991-1995. In the lead-polluted area, we observed an excess risk of cardiovascular defects which decreased from 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68-3.82] in the first period to 1.18 (95% CI 0.62-2.06) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.57-1.54) in the subsequent periods. We also found an excess risk of oral clefts and musculoskeletal anomalies, with decreasing trends over time. We could not identify homogeneous patterns of temporal variation for other congenital anomalies, neither did we detect cases of neural tube defects. These results appear to support an association between severe parental lead exposure and specific birth defects.

Congenital Abnormalities↗