PubMed · 2873286
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1986-06-28. TPN and APACHE.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2873286/
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CONTEXT: The decentralization of clinical teaching networks over the past decade calls for a systematic way to record the case-mix of patients, the severity of diseases, and the diagnostic procedures that medical students encounter in clinical clerkships. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a system that documents medical students' clinical experiences across clerkships. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Evaluation of a method for recording student-patient clinical encounters using a pocket-sized computer-read patient encounter card at a US university hospital and its 16 teaching affiliates during academic years 1997-1998 through 1999-2000. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 647 third-year medical students who completed patient encounter cards in 3 clerkships: family medicine, pediatrics, and internal medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of patient encounters, principal and secondary diagnoses, severity of diseases, and diagnostic procedures as recorded on patient encounter cards; concordance of patient encounter card data with medical records. RESULTS: Students completed 86 011 patient encounter cards: 48 367 cards by 582 students in family medicine, 22 604 cards by 469 students in pediatrics, and 15 040 cards by 531 students in internal medicine. Significant differences were found in students' case-mix of patients, the level of disease severity, and the number of diagnostic procedures performed across the 3 clerkships. Stability of the findings within each clerkship across 3 academic years and the 77% concordance of students' reports of principal diagnosis with faculty's confirmation of diagnosis support the reliability and validity of the findings. CONCLUSIONS: An instrument that facilitates students' documentation of clinical experiences can provide data on important differences among students' clerkship experiences. Data from this instrument can be used to assess the nature of students' clinical education.
The implementation of a DRG-based payment system for hospitals and the introduction of managed care features in health care plans covering care for in- and outpatients lead to an increased cost pressure on the inpatient sector. Quality assessment and quality management programs are considered a useful tool to support the process of restructuring and reorganizing hospitals as an reaction to this situation. However, changed incentives introduced by the new payment system, as risk selection or decrease of length of stay, have the potential to worsen quality in health care. As a result, the recent health care reform included a large number of quality control issues such as quality assessment, internal quality management, clinical guidelines, and evidence-based medicine. From the viewpoint of internal quality control programs, the situation is controversial, because the internal and external motivation for these programs are not identical. While the internal reason to invest in quality management is given by rationalizing processes, development of the organization and, in some cases, to optimize documentation, health legislation is primarily interested in avoiding quality problems. Health legislation is now faced with the task to build up a framework which supports quality of health care as a major argument in competition on the health care market.
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